IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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PhotDgraphic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  145S0 

(716)872-4503 


4r 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVi/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  tnstitute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  da  microraproductions  historiquas 


^ 


Tachnical  and  Bibliouraphie  Notaa/Notas  tachniquaa  at  bibliographiquas 


Tha  Inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographicaliy  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  aignifieantiy  changa 
tha  uauai  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chaclcad  balow. 


□    Colourad  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I     I   Covara  damagad/ 


D 


D 


D 

n 


D 


D 


Couvartura  andommagAa 


Covara  rattorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  raataurAa  at/ou  paiiicuite 


I — I   Covar  titia  miaaing/ 


La  titra  da  couvartura  manqua 


r~n   Colourad  mapa/ 


Cartas  gtegraphiquas  9n  cculaur 

Colourad  inic  (i.a.  othar  than  blua  or  blacit)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 


I     I   Colourad  plataa  and/or  illuatrations/ 


Planchas  at/ou  illustrationa  an  coulaur 


Bound  with  othar  matarial/ 
Rail*  avac  d'autras  documants 


Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  intarior  margin/ 

La  rB  liura  serr^e  paut  rnusar  da  I'ombra  ou  da  la 
distortion  la  long  da  la  marga  IntAriaura 

Blanic  laavas  addad  during  rastoration  may 
appaar  within  tha  taxt.  Whanavar  poaaibia,  thosa 
hava  baan  omittad  from  filming/ 
II  sa  paut  qua  cartainas  pagas  blanchas  ajoutiaa 
lors  d'una  rastauration  apparaiasant  dans  la  taxta. 
mais,  lorsqua  cala  Atait  possibia,  caa  pagas  n'ont 
pas  6tA  filmtes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commantaires  supplAmentairas; 


L'institut  a  microfilm*  la  maillaur  axamplaira 
qu'il  lui  a  AtA  poaaibia  da  aa  procurar.  Las  details 
da  cat  axamplaira  qui  sont  paut-Atra  uniquas  du 
point  da  vua  bibliographiqua.  qui  pauvant  modifiar 
una  imaga  raproduita,  ou  qui  pauvant  axigar  una 
modification  dana  la  mAthoda  normale  da  filmaga 
aont  indiquAa  ci-dassous. 


|~n   Colourad  pagas/ 


D 


This  itam  is  f  ilmad  at  tha  reduction  ratio  chaclcad  balow/ 

Ca  documant  ast  f limA  au  taux  da  rAducdon  indiqui  ci-daasous. 


Pagaa  da  coulaur 

Pagas  damagad/ 
Pagas  andommagAas 


□   Pagas  rastorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Pagas  rastaurAas  at/ou  paliiculAas 

0   Pagas  discolourad,  stainad  or  f  oxad/ 
Pagas  dAcolorAas,  tachatAas  ou  piqu( 


piquAes 

Pagas  dAtachAes 

Showthrough/ 
Transparanca 

Quality  of  prir 

QualitA  inAgala  da  I'imprasslon 

Includas  supplementary  matarii 
Comprend  du  matAriel  supplAmentaIre 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Adition  disponible 


r~~|  Pages  detached/ 

rri  Showthrough/ 

I     I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

r~~|  Only  edition  available/ 


Tha  G 
tothi 


Thaii 
poaai 
of  th< 
filmir 


Origii 

begin 

thali 

aion, 

othar 

first 

aion, 

or  ilk 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  beer,  ref limed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Lea  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata.  une  pelure. 
etc..  ont  AtA  fiimAes  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


ThaM 
shall 
TINU 
whici 

Mapa 

differ 

antirfl 

begin 

right 

raquii 

math< 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

2BX 

30X 

/ 

1 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

28X 

, 

32X 

The  copy  filmed  h«r»  has  b««n  rsproducad  thanks 
to  th«  aanarosity  of: 

Univflraityof  Albtrta 
Edmonton 


L'oxomplairo  filmi  fut  roproduit  grieo  A  la 
04n4fO«lti  da: 

Unhwrsity  of  AlbtrU 
Edmonton 


Tha  imagaa  appaaring  hara  ara  tlia  bast  quality 
poasibia  eonaidaring  tha  condition  and  lagibillty 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  Icaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spaciflcationa. 


Original  copiaa  in  printad  papar  covara  ara  fllmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad  or  illuatratad  impraa- 
sion.  or  tha  bacit  covar  whan  appropriate.  All 
othar  original  copiaa  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  illuatrattd  impraa- 
slon,  and  anding  on  tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illuatratad  impraaaion. 


Laa  imagas  suivantas  ont  4t*  raproduitas  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  eompta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattat*  da  I'axamplaira  film*,  at  an 
conformM  avac  laa  conditions  du  contrat  da 
fllmaga. 

Laa  axamplairaa  originaux  dont  la  couvartura  mn 
papiar  aat  imprimAa  sont  fllmte  an  commandant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  an  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustrstion.  soit  par  la  sacond 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autras  axamplairaa 
originaux  sont  fiimAs  an  comman9ant  par  la 
pramiAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'impraasion  ou  d'illustration  at  wn  tarminant  par 
la  damlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  talla 
amprainta. 


Tha  laat  racordad  f rama  on  aach  microflcha 
shaH  contain  tha  symbol  — ^  (moaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  ▼  (moaning  "END"), 
whichavar  appliaa. 


Un  daa  symbolaa  suh^anta  spparaitra  sur  la 
damiira  imaga  da  chaqua  microflcha,  salon  la 
caa:  la  symbols  -^  signifia  "A  SUIVRE",  la 
symbols  ▼  signifia  "FIN". 


Mapa.  platas,  charts,  ate.,  may  ba  filmad  at 
diffarant  raduction  ratios.  Thosa  too  larga  to  ba 
antiraly  included  in  ona  axpoaura  ara  filmad 
baginning  in  tha  uppar  laft  hand  comar,  laft  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  aa  many  framaa  aa 
required.  The  following  diagrama  illuatrata  the 
method: 


Lea  cartea,  planches,  tableaux,  etc..  pauvent  Atra 
filmAs  A  das  taux  da  rMuction  diffirants. 
Lorsqua  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  il  est  filmA  A  pertir 
do  I'sngia  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  baa,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'imegea  nAcaasaire.  Laa  diagrammes  suivants 
illuatrant  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

mmsmm 
mwmxm$ 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE    "-^ 

DIVISION  OF  ORNITHOLOGY  AND  MAMMALOGY 


NORTH  AMERICAN  FAUNA 


ISTo.  4= 


PUBLISHED  BY  AUTHORITY  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE 


[Actual  date  of  )>ublioation,  October  9,  1890] 


Descriptions  of  twenty-six  new  species  of  North  American  Mammals 

By  Dr.  C.  Hart  Mrrriam 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1890 


•  .,-V\ 


Sir: 

ICAN  Fi 
North  A 
course  o 


Hod. 


S 


UBRARY  (;.-"  V.-RSITY 

OF  ALBthFA 


U.  8.  Department  of  Agbioultube, 

Angmt  12,  1890. 

Sir:  [  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  No.  4  of  North  Amer- 
ican Fauna.    It  contains  descriptions  of  twenty-six  new  species  of 
North  American  mammals,  nearly  all  of  which  were  discovered  in  the 
course  of  the  biological  explorations  conducted  by  the  Division. 
Respectfully, 

G.  Hart  Merriam, 

Chief  *of  Division  of 
Ornithology  and  Mammalogy. 
Hon.  J.  M.  Rusk, 

Secretary  of  Agriculture. 

Ill 


127277 


CONTENTS 


Letter  of  tramsmittal iii 

1.  Coutribatiou  toward  a  reviaion  of  the  Little  Striped  Sliuuks  (geuua  Spilo- 

gale),  with  descriptions  of  seven  new  species —  ■. 1-15 

8.  Descriptions  of  five  new  Ground  Squirrels  of  the  geuus  Tamiaa 17-22 

3.  Description  of  a  new  £»otomy»  from  Colorado 23-24 

4.  Descriptions  of  two  new  species  of  Etotoinya  from  the  Pacific  coast  region.  25-26 

5.  Description  of  a  new  Marten  (Muahla  caurina)  from  the  northwest  coast..  27-29 

6.  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Moloasua  from  Califoiuia 31-32 

7.  Description  of  a  new  Prairie  Dog  from  Wyoming 33-35 

8.  Descriptions  of  three  new  Ground  Squirrels  of  the  Spermophilua  spiloaoma 

group  37-39 

9.  Descriptions  of  three  new  Kangaroo  Rats,  with  remarks  on  the  identity  of 

Dipodomya  ordii  of  Woodhouse 41-49 

10.  Description  of  a  new  Pocket  Gopher,  of  the  genus  Gemya,  from  western 

Nebraska ^^ 

11.  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Heaperomys  from  southern  Florida 5:J-54 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PLATES. 

Plate    I.  Figs.  1-3,  SpUogale phenax  (skull);  figs.  4-6,  Spilogale  leucoparia  (skull). 

IL  Fig.  1,  Evotomya  occideniaHa  (teeth);  fig.  2,  Evotdmyt  caH/wnicu*  (teeth); 

fig.  3,  Evotomya  galei  (teeth). 
III.  Figs.  1-2,  Htaptromya  macropua  (teeth). 

FIGURES  I.S  text. 

Page. 
Fig.  1.  iSi)i%ofeflraci/i«  (transverse  section  of  skull) 2 

2.  Spilogale  ringena  (transverse  section  of  skull ) 2 

3.  Evotomya  galei  (teeth) '^ 

V 


No.  4. 


CONTRIBU 


The  mil 
and  CO  rap 
tablisli  au 
same  tim( 
one  specif 
United  St 

The  prt 
rived  froi 
9  skulls ; 
Merriam  ( 

Tlie  exj 
nidy  be  r< 
shape  of 
fioutopai 
tiou  of  tl 
higlily  ai 
proachinf 
division  i 
far  westvN 
former  in 
ward  thrc 
Cape  St. 

The  eaj 

comprises 

Kansas. 

whether  ( 

55 


I  No.  4. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  FAUNA.        October,  1890. 


CONTRIBUTION  TOWAKI)  A  RKVISION  OP  THK  MTTLK  STllll'EI)  SKUNKS 

OF  THE  (iENUS  SI'ILOCALE. 

WITH  nKSClUPTIONS  OF  SEVKN   NKW   .SPK0IK8, 


By  Dr.  C.  Haht  JVIerriaji. 


The  nuiuber  of  specioieiis  of  SpUogale  at  preseut  available  for  study 
and  coraparison  is  wiioUy  iusutticieut  to  warrant  a  final  attempt  to  es- 
tablish aud  defiue  the  North  American  species  and  subspecies ;  at  the 
same  time  it  is  ample  to  demonatrate  the  absurdity  of  Mumpinj?,'  under 
I  one  specific  name,  as  is  uow  the  practice,  all  the  forms  inhabiting  the 
United  States,  from  Florida  to  California. 

Tho  present  paper  is  based  on  the  study  of  39  skins  aud  38  skulls,  de- 
[  rived  from  the  following  sources:  U.  S.  National  Museum,  8  skins  and 
1 9  skulls ;  Department  of  Agriculture  series,  12  skius  aud  11  skulls ; 
I  Merriam  collection,  19  skius  and  18  skulls. 

The  examination  of  this  material  shows  that  the  members  of  the  genus 
mdy  be  readily  separated  into  two  divisions,  according  to  the  general 
shape  of  the  skull;  one  having  the  cranium  broad  and  fiat,  with  the 
frouto- parietal  region  depressed,  presenting  the  extreme  of  difforeutia- 
tion  of  the  genus ;  the  other  with  the  cranium  narrower  and  more 
highly  arched  and  the  frouto-parietal  region  somewhat  elevated,  ap- 
proaching the  normal  Mephitine  type.  Tlie  members  of  tho  latter 
division  inhabit  the  Gulf  States  and  Mississippi  Valley,  extending  as 
far  westward  (at  least)  as  Trego  County,  Kans. ;  the  members  of  the 
former  inhabit  the  Sonoran  region  of  the  west,  from  central  Texas  west- 
ward through  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  to  California,  extending  «outh  to 
Cape  St.  Lucas  and  north  to  British  Columbia  and  the  Great  Basin. 

The  eastern  group,  so  far  as  represented  in  the  meager  series  at  hand, 

comprises  three  species,  one  inhabiting  Florida,  one  Alabama,  and  one 

Kansas.    How  far  the  limits  of  dispersion  of  each  form  extend,  and 

whether  or  not  any  of  them  iutergrade,  are  questions  that  can  not  be 

5514— No.  4 1  1 


NOUTII    AMKUICAN   FAUNA. 


(No.  4. 


settled  until  HpuciineiiH  from  iiiternioiliiitelocalitios  are  exiiinliitMl.  The 
Florida  form  is  the  Hmalieut  and  wliitetitj  the  KanHaM  form  is  the  lurgest 
and  blackest. 

The  western  group  comprlMCi)  ut  IcaHt  three  ispecieMand  two  or  three 
8ub8i)ccie8,  but,  considering  the  great  extent  of  tlie  area  it  inhabits,  is 
even  less  fully  represented  in  available  specimens  than  tiie  eastern. 
One  species  inliabits  south-central  (and  western  If )  Texas ;  one  Arizona 
and  southern  California;  and  one  the  southern  part  of  the  peninsuhi  of 
Lower  California. 

In  the  genus  SpilogalCy  as  in  the  allied  gaweva, Mvphit in  amX  Conepatua^ 
the  range  of  individual  variation  is  considerable,  thougli  by  no  means 
so  groat  as  has  been  assumed.  The  principal  variables  are  four,  namciy, 
(1)  cranial  characters ;  (2)  dental  diameters;  {\\)  length  of  tail;  (4)  color 
markings.  As  u  rule  the  variation  in  each  species  is  betweeii  definite 
limits  which  may  be  defined. 

The  males  are  much  larger  than  the  females  and  have  considerably 
longer  tails. 

Color  and  markings. — The  color  markings  are  constant  in  pattern 
throughout  the  geuus^  the  only  variation  being  in  the  quantity  of  white, 
the  widest  extremes  being  the  result  of  the  extension  or  suppression  of 
some  of  the  markings.  In  the  young  the  ground  color  is  intensely  black 
and  the  markings  are  pure  white.  As  age  advances,  the  markings  be- 
come creamy  yellow,  and  in  worn  states  of  the  pelage  and  old  museum 
specimens  the  black  becomes  dull  brown. 

Omieral  remarks  on  cranial  vharavters  and  variation. — As  already 
stated,  there  are  two  well-marked  groups  in  the  genus  Spilogale — one 
having  the  cranium  broad  and  tiat,  with  the  iron  to-parietal  region  de- 
pressed to  the  general  plane  of  the  toj)  of  the  skull ;  the  other  having 
the  cranium  relatively  narrow  an«l  more  highly  arched,  with  the  fronto- 
parietal region  somewhat  elevated.    (See  tigs.  1  and  2.) 


Fia.  1,— Xransverae  section  of  bUuII  of  Spiloijale 
gracilis. 


Fio.  2.- 


-TruuBVurae  section  of  HkuU  of  l:>pilo'jale 
rinijcnii. 


The  angle  of  divergence  of  the  lateral  series  of  teeth  is  greater  in  the 
narrow  than  in  the  broad  skulls.  As  a  rule,  the  ])ostpalatal  notch 
reaches  the  plane  of  the  molars  in  the  narrow-skulled  forms,  and  falls 
short  of  this  plane  in  the  others.  As  a  rule,  also,  in  the  uarrow-skulled 
forms,  the  first  and  second  upper  premolars  are  not  crowded,  do  not 
overlap,  and  are  wholly  in  the  toothrow,  while  iu  the  broad-skulled 
forms  they  are  much  crowded  and  partly  overlap,  or  the  first  is  turned 
obliquely  or  sideways  to  give  the  succeeding  tooth  more  room. 


1X0.4. 


Oct,  1MM.I 


KKVI810N    OF   TIIK    (1KNU8   814L0(!AL':. 


d 


iiied.  The 
the  lurgest 

wo  or  three 
iiihabitH,  ia 
he  cuMterii. 
lie  Arizona 
leiiiiiHuhi  of 

I  ConepatuSf 
y  no  means 
iir,  naiuciy, 
il ;  (4)  color 
L>en  (letinite 

unsiderably 

in  pattern 
ty  of  white, 
)pres8ion  of 
snsely  black 
larkings  be- 
}1(1  inuseuia 

As  already 
ilogale — one 
I  region  de- 
ther  having 
I  the  fronto- 


^kull  of  iSptIo>/a{c 

'eater  in  the 
ilatal  notch 
ns,  and  falls 
row-skulled 
^ded,  do  not 
road-sknlled 
rst  is  turned 
foin. 


The  degree  of  intlation  of  the  ina»toidH  varies  greatly  in  the  Hpecics 
of  both  groups,  and  is  not  always  proitortioiial  to  tlui  iiitertuastoid 
breadth  of  the  craniniii.  Thii.^,  in  the  t^  |.e  of  ^'.  lucuHitna,  in  which  the 
inflation  is  only  inoderati*,  t  lie  ratio  of  mastoid  breadth  to  basilar  length 
of  Hensel  is  00.3,  >yhile  in  S.  lettcoparia,  which  presents  the  niaxiinum 
of  intiation,  the  ratio  is  only  0(i..S.  In  some  species  the  liitlated  mastoid 
is  set  off  from  the  upper  surface  of  the  cranium  by  a  distinct  change  of 
direction  in  the  bone,  or  even  by  a  well-marked  groove  or  sulcus,  while 
in  others  no  such  line  of  domarkation  exists.  Tlie  upper  part  of  the 
inflated  mastoid  is  covered  by  the  squamosal,  the  outer  edge  of  which, 
in  the  broad-skulled  species,  usually  forms  a  sharp  ridgo  along  the 
outer  side  of  the  mastoid  capsule.  In  S.  Irucoimrhi,  however,  this  ridge 
is  obsolete.  The  two  species  having  the  largest  (most  iiitluted)  capsules 
are  S.  leucopariu  of  central  Texas,  and  «S'.  putorius  of  I'Mor.Ja.  The  de- 
gree of  intiation  varies  somewhat  with  age,  being  greatest  in  young 
adults  or  middle-aged  individuals  and  least  in  tlio.se  of  a<Ivanced  age. 

The  postmolar  production  of  the  palate  varies  somewhat  with  age 
and  sex.  Thus,  in  two  adult  skulls  from  I'rovo,  Utah,  the  postpalatal 
notch  reaches  the  plane  of  the  molars  in  the  female,  but  not  in  the  male. 
As  a  rule,  it  reaches  the  plane  of  the  molars  inthe  narrow-skulled  forms, 
and  falls  short  ot  this  plane  in  the  broad  skulls. 

The  horizontal' ramus  of  the  jaw  is  nearly  straight  in  all  the  Hat 
skulled  forms  except  lucamna ;  it  is  strongly  convex  below  in  Imamna 
and  in  all  the  narrow-skulled  forms. 

The  size,  shape,  and  proportions  of  the  sectorial  teeth  and  »)f  the 
upper  molar  afford  excellent  specilic  characters.  The  postorbital  part 
of  the  frontal  narrows  with  age.  In  the  adults  of  some  species  there  is  a 
marked  postorbital  constriction,  while  in  others  no  trace  of  it  exists.  The 
value  of  this  excellent  character  is  often  destroyed  by  large  asymmetrical 
postorbital  swellings  resulting  from  the  presence,  in  the  frontal  sinuses, 
of  a  worm-like  endoparasitic  aracUnid  of  the  genus  PcntaHtotna.  Some 
species  have  distinct,  peg-like  postorbital  processes,  wliich  in  others  are 
represented  merely  by  slight  protuberaiuies. 

Young  skulls,  compared  with  adults  of  th(^  same  species,  are  more 
highly  arched,  the  brain  case  is  more  iiiHated,  and  the  zygomatic  arches 
are  less  spreading.  The  sectorial  teeth  and  molars  are  sometimes  actu- 
ally larger  than  in  old  specimens,  lor  the  reason  that  the  teeth  com- 
plete their  growth  very  early,  and  in  old  age  become  smaller  by  the 
wearing  away  of  the  crowns. 

The  bones  of  the  skull  unite  very  early,  as  usual  in  the  Mmtelidw, 
all  the  sutures  disappearing  during  the  lirst  few  months. 

Cranial  and  dental  measurements  and  ratios. — The  time  has  not  yet 
arrived  for  fixing  the  limits  of  individual  variation  in  any  group  of  the 
Mammalia.  When  a  series  of  ahundred  or  more  skulisof  a  single  species 
from  a  single  locality,  of  the  same  sex  and  approximately  the  same  age, 
shall  have  been  carefully  measured  and  the  ratios  of  these  measurements 


NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


(Xo.4. 


Ul 


Hi 


calculated,  a  beginniug  will  liavu  been  made.  Until  then,  the  relative 
values  of  the  various  measurements  and  ratios  as  factors  in  determining 
specific  and  subspeciflc  differences  must  remain  nice  or  less  problemati- 
cal, as  well  as  the  percentage  of  variation  in  each.  The  tables  prepared 
with  so  much  care  by  the  late  Reinhold  flensel  (in  Craniologische  Stu- 
dien*)  are  of  little  value  because  the  localities  from  which  the  speci- 
mens came  are  not  stated,  and  it  is  probable  in  many  cases  that  several 
geographic  races  or  subspecies  are  'lumped'  under  one  name. 

The  present  paper,  which  is  not  put  forward  as  more  than  a  step 
toward  the  attainment  of  a  knowledge  of  the  Little  Striped  Skunks, 
contains  a  table  of  the  cranial  and  dental  measurements  and  ratios  of 
most  of  the  adult  (and  a  few  imuuiture)  skulls  to  which  I  have  had  ac- 
cess. Many  of  the  measurements,  and  more  of  the  ratios,  are  worthless ; 
and  the  table  is  published  as  much  to  show  these  as  those  which  are 
really  important. 

In  comparing  one  species  with  another,  adult  skulls  only  should  be 
selected  and  they  should  always  be  of  the  aame  sex. 

The  value  of  measurements  and  ratios  of  the  i)ostorbital  constriction 
is  frequently  destroyed,  as  previously  statt-d,  by  the  large  swellings  pro- 
duced by  the  worm  like  parasite  {Pentastoma  or  Linguatula)  which  in- 
fests tut)  frontal  sinuses  of  more  than  half  of  the  skulls  examined. 
Thus,  the  constriction  in  an  old  male,  S.  (jraciUs  (No'.  5852),  from  St. 
George,  Utah,  is  entirely  obliterated,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  IS. 
gracilis  has  ^'"^  deepest  constriction  of  any  of  the  known  species.  The 
same  extreme  of  distortion  occurs  in  an  old  female  from  lioseburg,  Ore- 
gon (No.  24200). 

Other  skulls  in  which  the  postorbital  breadth  is  more  or  less  affected 
by  these  swellings  are  Nos.  (U.  S.  National  Museum)  4143,  4210,30058, 
and  perhaps  also  24115,  24116,  and  24117,  and  (Merriain  collection) 
1800,  2100,  2270,  2408,  2583,  3985,  42G0,  5070,  6314,  6315,  6328. 

In  a  few  very  old  skulls  the  upper  molars  are  worn  down  so  tar  that 
their  measurements  and  ratios  are  unreliable.  This  is  the  case  in  Nos. 
(U.  S.  National  Museum)  1622,  4143,  24200,  24897  and  (Merriam  collec- 
tion) 3985  and  5852;  and  Nos.  5676  and  6315  are  somewhat  worn. 

Oenerie  characters  of  Spilogale  contrasted  until  Mephitis. — The  small, 
many-striped  skunks  were  separated  from  their  larger  single  or  double 
striped  relatives  by  J.  IL  Gray,  in  1865,  under  the  generic  name  Sjyilo- 
gale.  The  separation  was  based  wholly  on  external  characters,  of  whiiih 
ttie  only  tangible  one  is  the  number  of  tubercles  (4)  at  the  base  of  the 
hind  toes.  It  may  be  added  that  the  Little  Striped  Skunks  are  slender 
and  weasel-like  in  form,  active,  agile,  and  somewhat  arboreal  in  habit, 
often  making  their  homes  in  hollows  of  trees  or  crevices  in  cliffs ;  while 
the  true  skunks  are  heavy,  thickset  animals,  slow  of  movement,  ter- 
restrial in  habit,  and  live  in  burrows  which  they  dig  in  the  earth. 


•Nova  Acta  d.  Ksl.  Leop.-Carol-Dcutsch.  Acad.  d.  Naturf.,  HaUe,  XLII,  Iddl,  pp. 
12.'.-195,  pis.  VI-XIII. 


I  No.  4. 


Oct.,  1800  I 


RKVISION    OF    THE    GENUS    SPILOGALE. 


the  relative 
leterniining 
problemiiti- 
es  prepared 
)gische  Stu- 
li  the  speci- 
that  several 
ue. 

:han  a  step 
ed  Skunks, 
iid  ratios  of 
ave  had  ac- 
5  worthless ; 
13  which  are 

y  should  be 

constriction 
rellings  pro- 
it)  which  in- 
s  examined. 
2),  from  St. 
fact  that  <S'. 
)ecies.  The 
seburg,  Ore- 
less  affected 
4219,30058, 
I  collection) 
;28. 

I  so  far  that 
c;i«e  in  Nos. 
friaiu  coUec- 
worn. 

-The  small, 
:le  or  double 
name  Sjyilo- 
ers,  of  which 
\  base  of  the 
s  are  slender 
eal  iu  habit, 
cliff's;  while 
vemeut,  ter- 
5  earth. 

XLII,  IdBl,  pp. 


Sjnlognlcifi  a  i)erfectly  valid  genus,  and  may  be  known  from  Mephitis 
by  the  following  cranial  and  dental  characters. 

The  cranium  as  a  whole  is  flat  and  broad,  the  frontal  and  parietal 
regions  being  so  depressed  that  the  top  of  the  skull  presents  a  nearly 
straight  ]>lane,  instead  of  being  highly  arched  as  in  Mephitis  ;  the  skull 
is  broadly  wedge  shaped  in  outline;  the  mastoids  are  greatly  inflated, 
forming  elliptical  capsules  which  reach  on  either  side  from  the  meatus 
to  the  exoccipit.al,  the  outer  border  of  which  is  i)ushed  backward  toward 
the  condyle ;  the  paroccipital  process  is  obsolete  or  rudimentary ;  the 
tube  of  the  auditory  meatus  is  bent  strongly  forward  ;  the  supraorbital 
processes  are  more  strongly  developed ;  the  step  of  the  mandible  is 
absent;  the  first  lower  premolar  is  relatively  much  larger;  the  upper 
sectorial  tooth  is  longer ;  the  upper  molar  is  narrower  antero  poste- 
riorly ;  and  the  zygomatic  arches  are  more  spreading  and  are  broadest 
and  highest  in  the  middle  instead  of  posteriorly. 

Geographic  distribution. — At  the  time  when  Baird  wrote  his  great 
work  on  the  mammals  of  North  America,  the  Little  Striped  Skunks  were 
known  from  California  and  Texas  onlv.  I  have  examined  specimens 
from  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  Florida,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Kansas, 
Texas,  Arizona,  Lower  Califori  ia,  California,  Oregon,  Washington, 
Utah,  and  Idaho,  and  species  of  the  genus  are  known  to  inhabit  Iowa 
and  Wyoming. 

FauHul  position. — The  genus  Hpilogale  is  a  Sonoran  genus,  coming 
into  the  United  States  from  Mexico,  and  ranging  northward  and  east- 
ward as  far  as  the  ramifications  of  the  Sonoran  fauna  extend.  To  the 
south  it  reaches  Yucatan  and  Guatemala  (Alston,  in  Biologia  Centrali- 
Americana). 

The  only  part  of  the  United  States  in  which  Spilogale  oversteps  the 
bounds  of  the  Sonoran  fauna  is  along  the  west  coast,  where,  as  pre- 
viously explained  (North  American  Fauna,  No.  3,  p.  20),  the  Sonoran 
and  Boreal  elements  are  curiously  mixed. 

Hynonymyandnomendaiurc. — The  synonymy  and  nomenclature  of  the 
Little  Striped  Skunks  is  somewhat  involved.  Without  going  fully  into 
the  history  of  the  subject,  it  may  be  slated  that  four  specific  names  liave 
been  applied  to  North  American  animals  which  are  now  recognized  as 
belonging  to  the  genus  Spilognlc^  namely,  pulorius  (Linn.'eus,  1758) ;  in- 
tevr\>»f<(  (llatiiies(iue,  1820);  hicolor  (Gray,  1837);  qxiater linearis  (Wi- 
nans,  1859). 

The  name  Virerra  pvtorius  \\:\i\  ^xxi^why  Linuieusin  1758  to  the  Little 
Striped  Skunk  of  Florida  or  Carolina,  and  was  based  primarily  on 
Catesby's  description  and  figure.  It  becomes  available  therefore  for 
the  Fhnida  animal,  to  which  it  is  here  restricted. 

The  name  Mephitis  intvrrupta  was  given  by  Kafinesque  in  1820  to  the 
species  iidiabitii.g  'Louisiana,'  but  Louisiana  at  that  date  was  com- 
monly spoken  of  as  stretching  far  to  the  northwest,  including  most  of  the 
territory  west  of  the  Mississippi  River  and  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountsiins. 


I"  ■:* 


6  NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA.  ,  fNo*. 

The  name  was  afterward  (1830)  restricted  by  Lichteustein  to  the  black- 
tailed  form  of  the  '  Upper  Missouri  River.' 

The  uauie  Mephitis  hicolor  was  given  by  Gray  in  1837  to  a  North 
American  animal ;  but  since  the  locality  was  not  mentioned,  and  the 
description  contains  nothing  distinctive,  it  is  impossible  to  ascertain 
which  form  he  had  in  mind,  and  the  name  must  be  dropped.  Indeed, 
Gray  himself,  in  1865,  gave  it  as  a  synonym  of  M,  interrupta  of  Bafin- 
esque. 

The  name  Mephitis  quaterlincaris  was  given  by  one  Winans,  in  1859,  to 
the  Kansas  animal,*  and  like  the  foregoing  becomes  a  synonym  of 
interrupta. 

The  name  Viverra  sorrilla  was  given  by  Schreber,  in  1778,  to  a  South 
American  species,  and  consequently  may  be  dismissed  from  further  con- 
sideration in  the  present  connection. 

Hence  but  two  specific  names  are  available  for  species  inhabiting  the 
United  States,  namely,  putorius  for  the  Florida  animal,  and  interrupta 
for  the  animal  inhabiting  the  Missouri  region,  of  which  Kansas  speci- 
mens may  be  regarded  as  typical. 

KEY  TO   SPECIKS    AND   SUHSPKCIES   OF   SPILOGALE. 

A.— CRANinM     IJKOAl)     AM)      FLAT;       KUONTO-PAIUia'AI-      KEGION      DEPRESSED     TO 
GKNEIUL   LEVEL  OK  UPPER  SURFACE  OF  SKULL. 

«'.  Under  jaw  strongly  convex  below lucaaana. 

a'.  Under  jaw  straight  or  nearly  straight  below. 

b '.  Mastoids  enornionsiy  inllated  and  evenly  ronnded  below,  with  hardly  a  tiac(! 

of  lateral  ridgi; leucopariit. 

h'.  Mastoids  moderately  iutlated,  not  evenly  ronnded  below,  with  lateral  ridge 
well  developed, 
c'.  Postorbital    processes    but    little    developed  ;      interorbital    constriction 

marked  gracilis. 

c'.  Postorbital  processes  strongly  developed;  interorbital  constriction  faint  or 
absent, 
rf'.  Combined  Icnjiitli  ;;{' crowns  of  npper  sectorial  tooth  and  molar  equals 

length  of  i»terygoid  fossa  from  base  of  hamnlar phenar. 

d^.  Combined  length  of  crowns  of  npper  sectorial  tooth  and  molar  falls  con- 
siderably short  of  length  of  pterygoid  fossa sajraHltH. 

B.  — CHANIU.M   NAKROWEU   and     MOUU    IIUillLY    arched;    FRONTO-PARHOTAL     REGION 

SOMEWHAT    KLKVATED. 

a'.  Combined  length  of  upper  sectorial  tooth  and  molar  greater  than  length  of 
niastoiil  capsnle,  and  ecinal  to  distance  from  anterior  lip  of  foramen  mag- 
num to  foramen  laeernm  inedinm indinnola. 

ci".  Combined  length  of  nitperscctoi'iul  tooth  and  molar  less  than  length  of  mastoid 
capsule,  and  mucli  less  than  distance,  from  anterior  lip  of  foramen  n)ag- 
nnm  to  foramen  lacerum  medium. 
h  '.  Inner  lobe  of  upper  molar  broadly  rounded  on  inner  side,  with  greatest  con- 
vexity near  middle. 
e'.  Distanco  from  nasi!  emargination  to  ])oint  midway  between  postorbital 
processes  at  least  one-third  the  Icngthof  the  topof  skull interrupta. 

» See  Cones,  Fur-Hearing  Animals,  1877,  a:«)-','4n. 


fNo.4. 


Oct.,  1800 


Revision  of  the  genus  spilogale. 


J  to  the  black- 

37  to  a  North 
oued,  and  the 
e  to  ascertain 
ped.  Indeed, 
upta  of  Bafiu- 

ms,  in  1859,  to 
a  synonym  of 

r78,  to  a  South 
nn  further  con- 
inhabiting  the  i 
and  interrupta,  ] 
Kansas  speci 


DEPRESSED     TO 


.lucaaana. 


til  hardly  a  trac(i 

leucopaiiu. 

vith  lateral  ridge 

ital    constriction    ^ 

gracUi8.    ■ 

striction  faint  or 

lud  molar  equals 

plienai. 

(I  molar  falls  con-   ; 
gaxalilin. 

'AKIHTAL     HEGIOX 


r  than  length  of 
)  of  foramen  mag- 

indianola. 

length  of  mastoid 
of  forainen  mag- 

with  greatest  coii- 

itween  postorbital 
11 interrupta. 


c».  Di8tattC6  from  nasal  emargination  to  point  midway  between  postorbital 
processes  considerable  less  than  one-third  the  length  of  the  top  of  the 

skiill ringeua. 

b  ^.  Inner  lobe  of  npper  molar  not  broadly  ronnded  on  inner  side,  and  with  decided 
projection  considerably  behind  middle  of  tooth putoriua. 


SPIIiOGALE  PUTORIUS  Linnseus. 

Fivena  putoriua.—  Linnicus,  Systema  Natnrip,  cd.  x,  i,  1758,  44  (based  primarily  on 
the  Putoriua  americanua  striaius  of  Catesby). 

General  characters. — Tlie  Little  Striped  Skunk  of  Florida  is  conspic- 
uous for  its  small  size,  short  tail,  and  the  extent  of  the  white  mark- 
ings.  In  addition  to  the  usual  markings,  it  usually  has  a  white  patch 
or  stripe  on  the  outside  of  the  thigh  and  another  on'  the  upper  side  of 
the  foot,  the  two  rarely  being  confluent.  The  rump  spots  are  large  and 
sometimes  continuous  with  the  leg-stripe.  The  stripes  at  the  base  of  the 
tail  are  very  large  and  confluetit  posteriorly,  forming  a  broad  patch  of 
white  which  covers  the  upper  surface  of  the  basal  fourth  of  the  tail.  The 
external  lateral  stripe  is  broad,  encroaclies  on  the  belly,  and  is  contin- 
uous posteriorly  with  the  anterior  transverse  stripe,  which,  in  turn,  is 
often  continuous  with  the  internal  dorsal  stripe.  The  tail  with  hairs 
is  much  shorter  than  head  and  body. 

A  single  specimen  from  Kissimee  Prairie,  Florida  (No.  4870  ?  im.), 
is  smaller  than  the  others,  and  differs  from  them  in  the  great  extent 
and  breadth  of  the  external  lateral  stripe,  wbicli  is  confluent  with 
both  anterior  and  posterior  transverse  stripes.  The  rump  spots  also 
are  unusually  large,  and  are  confluent  posteriorly  with  the  tail  spots 
and  laterally  with  the  leg-stripe,  and  the  latter  is  continuous  on  one 
side  with  the  foot  stripe.  The  middle  pair  of  dorsal  stripes  begin  pos- 
terior to  the  plane  of  the  ears,  leaving  the  black  occipital  patch  larger 
than  usual. 

Cranial  characters. — So  far  as  cranial  characters  go,  IS.  putorius,  8. 
mdianola,  S.  ringcns,  and  S.  interrupta  constitute  a  closely  related  group, 
widely  separated  from  the  species  inhabiting  the  ari«l  lands  from  cen- 
tral Texas  westward.  They  agree  in  having  the  cranium  relatively 
high  aud  narrow;  the  frontoparietal  region  somewhat  elevated;  the 
upper  lateral  series  of  teeth  strongly  divergent  posteriorly;  all  of  the 
premolars  in  the  tooth  row,  not  overlapping,  and  rarely  crowded;  the 
post-palatal  notch  ending  about  on  a  line  with  the  alveolus  of  the  upper 
molar  and  without  median  projection ;  a  distinct  postorbital  constric- 
tion ;  and  the  horizontal  ramus  of  the  lower  jaw  strongly  convex  below. 
They  further  agree  with  one  another,  an<l  differ  from  the  flat-skulled 
forms,  except  S.  leucoparia,  in  lacking  a  distinct  crest  or  ridge  along  the 
outside  of  the  mastoid  capsule  (formed  by  the  edge  of  the  squamosal). 
aV.  putorius  and  iS^.  indianola  have  the  smallest  and  shortest  skulls.  8.  pu- 
torius has  the  largest  mastoid  capsules,  and  differs  from  all  the  others 
in  the  shape  of  the  inner  lobe  of  the  upper  molar,  the  posterointernal 


8 


NORTH   AMERICAN    FAUNA. 


(No  4. 


crescent  of  which  projects  strongly  toward  the  uiediau  line  posterior  to 
the  middle  of  the  tooth.  In  8.  interrupta,  indianola,  and  rtngens  the 
inner  lobe  of  the  upper  molar  is  broadly  and  evenly  rounded,  bringing 
the  most  prominent  part  of  the  convexity  nearly  opposite  the  middle 
of  the  tooth  instead  of  considerably  behind  it.  The  nasal  opening  is 
constricted  laterally  in  its  upper  half. 

In  ;S'.  putoriva,  interrnpta,  and  indianola^  the  length  of  the  upper  sur- 
face of  the  rostrum,  from  the  nasal  emargination  to  the  plane  of  the 
postorbital  processes,  is  just  half  the  length  of  the  upper  surface  of  the 
cranium  behind  the  postorbital  processes,  while  in  S.  ringens  the  latter 
measurement  is  considerably  more  than  double  the  former. 

Measurements. — A  fully  adult  male,  captured  at  Lake  Worth,  Fla., 
May  20, 1889,  by  Morris  M.  Green  (U.  S.  National  Museum,  No.  {\\^), 
afforded  the  following  measurements  in  the  flesh:  Total  length,  372; 
tail  vertebrte,  129',  hairs,  50;  hind  foot,  39.  A  female  caught  at  the 
same  place  two  days  previously  (U.  S.  National  Museum,  No.  ^^fj) 
measured :  Toial  length,  340;  tail  vertebrse,  117 :  hairs,  48 ;  hind  foot,  37. 


SPILOGALE  INTERRUPTA  Eafinesque. 

Mephitis  interrupta. — Rafine&que,  Auuals  of  Nature,  I,  1820,  3.    Lichtenstein,  Abhand. 

Akad.  Wiss.,  Berlin  (for  1836),  1838;  281,  tab.  II,  fig.  1. 
Mephitis  quaterlinearis. — Wiuans  [Kansas  f],  newspaper,  18&9  (see  Coues,  Fur- Bearing 

Animals,  1877,  239-240). 

General  characters. — This  species  may  be  known  from  all  others  by 
the  large  size  of  the  tail  and  the  limited  extent  of  the  white  markings. 
The  tail,  with  hairs,  is  longer  than  the  head  and  body,  and  is  large  and 
full.  As  a  rule  it  is  black  throughout;  and  the  white  when  present,  is 
limited  to  a  slender  tuft  surrounded  by  the  black  hairs  of  the  extreme 
tip.  The  head  markings  are  very  small,  the  frontal  spot  being  less  than 
half  the  usual  size,  and  the  crescent  in  front  of  the  ear  being  reduced 
to  an  inconspicuous  streak  or  dab  wholly  unconnected  with  the  lateral 
stripe,  there  being  no  white  at  all  under  the  ear.  All  of  the  white 
strii)e8  are  reduced  in  size,  so  that  the  animal  has  the  blackest  back  of 
any  known  species,  /S.nw/^cMs  approaching  it  most  closely  in  this  re- 
spect. 

Cranial  characters. — Tiie  skull  of  S.  interrupta  is  longer  and  higher 
posteriorly  than  that  of  S.putorius,  and  Uieaudital  bulhe  are  much  less 
inflated.  The  uiner  lobe  of  the  upper  molar  is  broadly  rounded,  with 
the  most  prominent  part  of  the  convexity  opposite  the  middle  of  the 
tooth,  instead  of  far  behind  the  middle  as  in  8.  putorititt.  The  post- 
orbital processes  are  feebly  developed  and  there  is  scarcely  a  trace  ol 
postorbital  constriction. 

Specimens  of  Spilogale  interrupta  have  been  examined  from  various 
places  in  Kansas,  from  the  eastern  part  of  the  state  (Barber  and  Coffey 
Counties)  west  to  Trego  County,  an<l  from  the  Kiowa  Indian  Agency. 


Oct.,  1890. ) 


REVISION   OF   THE   GENUS   8PIL0GALE. 


9 


Oeneml  remarks. — Whatever  doubt  maj'  arise  as  to  whether  or  not 
the  species  here  described  is  really  the  Mephitu  interrupta  of  BaflD- 
esque,  there  can  be  none  whatever  that  it  is  the  M.  interrupta  of  Lich- 
teustein;  so  that  the  question,  if  any,  relates  not  to  the  name  of  the 
species  but  merely  to  the  authority  for  the  name.  Lichtenstein  dis- 
tinctly states  that  his  animal  came  from  the  'Upper  Missouri'  and  that 
it  hid  a  black  tail. 

Measurements. — The  average  measurements  of  four  males  from  Trego 
County,  Kans.,  are  as  follows:  Head  and  body,*  350 ;  tail  vertebrae,  21tf; 
hairs,  10a;  hind  foot,  49.5.  The  average  measurements  of  two  females 
from  the  same  locality  are:  Head  and  body,  320 ;  tail  vertebrae,  208; 
hairs,  80;  hind  foot,  43.5. 


SPILOGALE  RINGENS  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  Jg^Jj  2.  U.  S.  National  MnseuDi.  (Department  of  Agriculture  collec- 
tion). QreenHboroiigh.  Hale  County,  Alabama,  August  2,  1890.  Collected 
by  C.  S.  Briiuley.     (Original  number,  50.) 

Measurements  {taken  in  flesh). — Total  length,  460;  tail  vertebrae,  165 ; 
hind  foot,  45;  peucii,  88. 

General  characters. — Size  considerably  larger  than  S.putorius;  about 
equaling  S.  interrupta,  with  which  it  is  most  closely  related ;  tail  with 
hairs  longer  than  head  and  body,  white  markings  restricted  ;  no  white 
on  legs  or  feet ;  frontal  spot  very  small ;  crescent  in  front  of  ear  not 
continuous  or  barely  continuous  with  lateral  stripe ;  white  of  tail  limited 
to  terminal  third  above  and  terminal  half  below;  while  the  white  is  less 
extensive  than  in  8.  putorius,  it  is  more  extensive  than  in  8.  interrupta. 

Cranial  characters. — Compared  with  S.  interrupta,  its  nearest  relative, 
the  skull  of  8.  ringens  is  broader  across  the  postorbital  processes  and 
interorbitally,  has  better  developed  postorbital  processes,  and  a  decided 
postorbital  constriction.  The  distance  from  the  nasal  eniargination  to 
the  plane  of  the  postorbital  processes  is  considerably  less  than  one-third 
tlie  length  of  the  top  of  the  skull,  while  in  8.  interrupta  it  is  just  one- 
third.  The  ratio  of  the  distance  across  upper  molars  to  the  upper  lat- 
eral series  of  teeth  is  about  120  in  ringens  and  113  in  interrupta. 

Compared  with  8.  putorius  the  skull  is  longer,  the  brain  case  is  higher 
posteriorly,  the  inflated  mastoids  do  not  project  so  far  laterally,  the  in- 
ner lobe  of  the  upper  sectorial  tooth  is  larger  and  broa<ler,  and  the  in- 
ner lobe  of  the  upper  molar  is  evenly  rounded  ott",  the  most  prominent 
pjjrt  of  the  convexity  being  near,  instead  of  behind,  the  middle  of  the 
tooth. 

While  the  type  is  from  Hale  (Jonnty,  Ala.,  other  specimens  have 
been  examined  from  Cherokee,  N.  C,  Corinth,  Miss.,  and  Mobile,  Ala. 


*  Unfortunately,  the  collector  did  not  record  the  total  16ngth  in  the  flesh  ;  but  by 
adding  the  length  of  the  tail  to  the  head  and  body,  an  approximate  measurement  may 
be  obtained. 


10 


NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


(No.  4. 


The  latter  has  a  little  more  white  than  the  others,  and  the  antcaurlou- 
lar  crescent  is  narrowly  continuous  with  the  lateral  stripe.  In  the  Cor- 
inth specimen  the  white  tip  of  the  tail  reaches  further  down  than  on  the 
others. 


SPILOGALE  INDIANOLA  sp.  nov. 

Type  (sknll)  No.  1C21,  young  adult.    U.  S.  National  Museum.    From  Indianola, 
Matagorda  Bay,  Texas.    Collected  by  J.  H.  Clarke,  iu  1851. 

This  species  is  founded  on  two  skulls  collected  at  Indianola,  Mata- 
gorda  Bay,  Texas,  by  J.  H.  Clarke,  of  the  Mexican  Boundary  Survey. 
The  skins  were  not  preserved,  and  nothing  whatever  is  known  of  the 
external  characters  of  the  animal.  It  probably  is  a  Mexican  tropical 
species  extending  north  along  the  Gulf  coast  of  Texas. 

Cranial  characters. — The  skull  is  small,  and  the  brain  case  is  short 
and  highly  arched,  as  in  S.putoriua  from  Florida.  It  differs  from  puto- 
rius,  however,  in  being  narrower  across  the  postorbital  processes,  iu 
having  smaller  and  less  prominent  mastoid  capsules,  smaller  audital 
bullsB,  longer  pterygoid  fossa,  and  larger  teeth.  The  upper  sectorial 
and  molar  particularly  are  much  larger  than  in  putorius,  the  combined 
length  of  the  two  teeth  exceeding  the  length  of  the  mastoid  capsule  and 
equaling  the  distance  trom  the  anterior  lip  of  the  foramen  magnum  to 
the  foramen  lacerum  medium,  in  these  respects  difliering  from  all 
known  species  of  the  genus.  The  inner  lobe  of  the  upper  molar  is  very 
large  and  broad,  and  is  broadly  and  evenly  rounded  off  on  the  inner 
side,  the  greatest  convexity  being  opposite  the  middle  of  the  tooth  in- 
stead of  considerably  behind  it.  The  ratio  of  breadth  to  length  of  the 
upper  molar  is  12G,  while  in  8.  putorius  it  is  130. 

Tlie  lower  sectorial  tootli  is  very  much  larger,  and  the  last  lower 
molar  about  double  the  size  of  the  same  tooth  in  S.  putorius. 

Averatje  ratios  of  several  specimens  each  of  Spilogule  indianola,  S.  inierrupta,  S,  ringens 

and  S.  piitorins. 


Kntion  to  bisilar  Icnfltli  of  Iloiimd  : 

LeiiKlli  of  upper  lateral  aerieH  of  tcotb 

Length  of  upper  sectorial  and  molar  together. . . 

Length  of  upper  floctorial 

Length  of  pterygoid  fossa 

Ratio  of  mastoid  breadth  to  palatal  length 

Katio  of  breadth  to  length  ot  upper  molar 


S.  indian- 

S. inter- 

ola. 

rupta. 

S.  ringeu.s. 

37.  S 

36 

35.5 

23. 0 

22.1 

20.8 

14.3 

13.2 

12.6 

25 

24 

2.3.8 

143 

150.5 

150 

126 

132 

134 

S.  putoriua. 


35 

21.3 

13 

24 
102 
13S 


Ocr.lMO. 


REVISION'  OF   THE    GENUS    SPILOOALE. 


11 


''roiu  Indianola, 


upta,  S.  ringens 


35.5 

35 

20.8 

21.3 

12.5 

13 

2.^8 

24 

150 

102 

134 

136 

SPILOGALE  LUOASANA  sp.  nov. 

T.ype  Nu.  211!)  ad.   U.  S.  Nutioual  MuBenni.    From  Cupe  St.  Lucas,  Lower  Cal- 
ifornia.   Collected  by  John  Xantua.    (Original  number,  tHi'.i.) 

General  charaeterH. — Size  large ;  tail  long  (with  hairs  apparently  about 
as  long  as  head  and  body);  terminal  pencil  white;  white  markings 
large  and  broad.  Median  pair  of  dorsal  stripes  broadly  confluent  pos- 
teriorly with  anterior  transverse  bands,  and  thence  with  external  hit 
eral  stripes;  lumbar  spots  on  each  side  elongating  posteriorly  so  as  to 
form  a  distinct  stripe,  which  becomes  confluent  with  the  posterior  trans- 
verse stripe  of  the  same  side,  forming  an  acute  angle  posteriorly  at 
point  of  union  ;  tail  spots  indistinctly  confluent  posteriorly.  Two  par- 
allel longitudinal  white  stripes  extend  back  from  the  chin  to  the  throat, 
where  they  are  connected  by  a  transverse  curved  line.  Two  other 
white  stripes,  one  on  each  side,  reach  backward  from  the  angles  of  the 
mouth  to  a  point  a  little  below  and  posterior  to  the  ears,  where  they 
indistinctly  join  the  lateral  stripes.  This  is  the  only  species  known  to 
me  in  which  there  is  any  regularity  in  the  throat  and  chin  markings. 

Cranial  characters. — Two  skulls  from  Cape  St.  Lucas,  Lower  California 
(the  type,  No.  4219,  and  No.  4143,  U.  S.  National  Museum),  are  much 
larger,  broader  posteriorly,  flatter,  and  everywhere  more  massive  than 
those  of  any  other  species  examined.  The  postorbital  processes  are 
well  developed;  the  postorbital  constriction  is  not  noticeable;  there  is 
a  distinct  sagittal  crest ;  the  post-palatal  notches  fall  considerably  short 
of  the  plane  of  the  alveoli  of  the  upper  molars ;  the  upper  molars  are 
rectangular,  with  a  deep  notch  behind,  and  the  postero-internal  angle 
projects  furthest  toward  the  median  line  as  in  S. putorhis  from  Florida; 
there  is  no  line  of  demarkation  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  skull  between 
the  inflated  mastoids  and  cranial  parietes. 

The  first  upper  premolar  is  small,  in  one  skull  (No.  4143)  it  is  ab- 
sent on  one  side  and  very  small  on  the  other,  but  is  wholly  in  the  tooth 
row.  In  the  other  skull  (the  type.  No.  4219)  it  is  present  on  both  sides, 
larger,  and  slightly  overlaps  the  canine.  The  second  upper  premolar 
is  not  crowded  and  does  not  overlap  the  third. 

The  under  jaw  is  more  convex  below  than  in  any  other  species  known 
to  me ;  the  angular  process  is  set  up  higher,  and  there  is  more  evidence 
of  the  ♦  step '  which  is  so  characteristic  of  Mephitis. 

SPILOGALE  LEUCOPAKIA  sp.  nov. 

(Plato  I,  figs.  4-6.) 

Type  No.  i5?i,Jad.    Merriam  collection.    From  Mason,  Mason  County,  Texas,  De- 
comber  2,  1883.   Collected  by  Ira  B.  Henry,    (Original  number,  16.) 

General  characters. — Size  medium  (total  length  of  S  ,  about  400;  hind 
foot,  about  45),  tail  with  hairs  shorter  than  head  and  body.  White  mark- 
ings larger  than  in  any  other  known  species,  the  white  on  back  equaling 


12 


NORTH    AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


f\o.4. 


or  oven  exceeding  the  black  iu  area;  <all  the  Htripen  are  broader  than  in 
the  other  species ;  the  middle  pair  of  dorsal  stripes  are  continuous  pos- 
teriorly with  the  anterior  transverse  stripe,  which  in  turn  are  broadly 
confluent  with  the  external  lateral  stripes.  The  lumbar  spot3  are  gen- 
erally confluent  with  the  posterior  transverse  stripes.  The  tail  spots 
are  sometimes  confluent  posteriorly,  forming  a  narrow  band  across  the 
base  of  the  tail.  There  is  no  white  on  the  thighs,  and  only  rarely  a 
few  white  hairs  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  foot. 

Cranial  characters. — The  skull  of  Spilogale  leucoparia  presents  the 
maximum  degree  of  inflation  of  the  mastoid  capsules  yet  observed  in  the 
genus,  surpassing  even  8.  putoriua  of  Florida.  The  inflation  is  most 
conspicuous  posterolaterally,  and  in  transverse  section  the  capsules  are 
snbcircular  in  outline.  The  crest  or  ridge  usually  formed  by  the  outer 
edge  of  the  squamosal  is  obsolete.  The  audital  bullie  are  larger  than 
usual. 

SPILOGALE  GRACILIS  Merriam.* 

Type  *fo.  H^SIr  ^  <^<^-  U.  S.  National  Museuiu  (Department  of  Agriculture  collec- 
ti  'D).  From  Grand  Cafion  of  the  Colorado,  Arizona  (north  of  San  Francisco 
Mountain),  Septen.bor  12,  1889.  Collected  by  C.  Hart  Merriam,  near  bottom; 
of  oafion.    (Original  number,  451.) 

Measurements  of  type  (taken  in  the  flesh). — Total  length,  400  ;  tail  ver- 
tebra}, 142;  t  pencil,  100;  hind  foot,  40. 

General  characters. — Size  medium :  form  slender  like  a  ferret ;  tail 
with  hairs,  longer  than  head  and  body.  External  lateral  stripe  very 
large  and  broad,  and  broadly  confluent  with  the  anterior  transverse 
stripe,  which  in  turn  is  sometimes  narrowly  confluent  with  the  inner 
dorsal  stripe.  Exposed  white  of  tail  occupies  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
terminal  half  above  and  the  terminal  two-thirds  below. 

In  old  individuals  the  lumbar  spots  show  a  tendency  to  become  con- 
fluent posteriorly  with  the  posterior  transverse  stripes.  The  spots  at 
base  of  tail  are  sometimes  confluent  posteriorly.  The  males  have  con- 
siderably longer  tails  than  the  females. 

Cranial  characters. — The  skull  ofS.  gracilis  is  broad  and  flat,  with  the 
frontoparietal  region  depressed  to  the  piano  of  the  top  of  the  skull,  and 
there  is  a  deep  postorbital  constriction — the  deepest  possessed  by  any  of 
the  species  now  known.  There  are  well  marked  postorbital  protuber- 
ances, but  they  are  not  peg-like  processes  as  in  S.phenax  and  S.  saxatilis. 

*  This  species  lias  l)ceu  described  in  North  American  Fauna,  No.  3,  ]»p.  83-84. 

tTiie  tail  of  this  specimen  was  injured  in  early  life  and  the  terminal  portion  is 
absent.  In  a  yonng  individual  caught  at  the  canon  two  days  later,  the  tail  vertebrte 
measure  KiO. 


LT.,  1800. 1 


UEVISION   OF   THE    GKNU8   SPILOOALK. 


18 


iOO;  tailver- 


SPILOGALE  SAXATILI8  sp.  nov. 

T.vi»e  fio.  :r^) ,"  c^  ad.    M«riiaiii  collection.    From  Provo,  Utah,  November  lU,  1888. 
Cullocted  by  Vernon  liailcy.    (Original  unmber,  :J84.) 

Measurements  of  type  (taken  in  the  flesh). — Total  length,  450;  tail 
|vertebr:i>,  ITO;  i)eDcil,  100;  hind  foot,  40.    MeaHnreiuents  of  9  ad.  (same 
locality  and  date) :  total  length,  400;  tail  vertebrae,  103;  hairs,  80;  hind 
foot,  41. 

General  oAaracter«. —iSize,  rather  large;  tail,  with  hairs,  longer  than 

heail  and  body.    Exteri  ;'  lateral  stripe  nearly  obsolete  and  barely  or 

iiot  continuous  with  anterior  transverse  stripe.    In  the  typo  specimen, 

in  adult  male,  noncof  the  markings  are  confluent.   luan  old  female  taken 

^it  the  same  locality  and  date,  the  internal  or  middle  dorsal  stripes  are 

narrowly  confluent  posteriorly  with  the  anterior  transverse  stripes,  and 

the  caudal  spots  meet  indistinctly  across  the  base  of  the  tail.    All  of  the 

)ther  spots  and  markings  are  distinct.  Externally  8.  saxatilis  may  be  dis- 

Itinguished  at  a  glance  from  its  nearest  geographical  neighbor,  S.  gracilis, 

Iby  the  inconspicuous  and  nearly  obsolete  lateral  stripe.    In  S.  gracilis 

[this  stripe  is  large  and  broad  and  broadly  confluent  with  the  anterior 

[transverse  stripe. 

Cranial  characters. — The  skull  of  S.saxatilis  resembles  that  of  S.gra- 

jilis  in  size  and  proportions,  but  differs  from  it  in  having  well-developed 

postorbital  processes,  in  having  the  anterior  nares  deeply  and  broadly 

Muarglnate  above,  in  having  the  zygomatic  arches  more  broadly  and 

Aiighly  arched,  and  in  lacking  a  deep  postorbital  constriction  (though  it 

|has  a  slight  constriction).    It  differs  from  8.phenax  in  the  shape  of  the 

nasal  aperture  (which  is  less  broadly  emargiuate  above),  in  the  presence 

lof  a  slight  interorbital  constriction  (altogether  absent  in  phenax),  in  hav- 

liug  the  last  lower  molar  smaller,  and  in  a  number  of  cranial  and  dental 

Iproportions,  which  are  given  in  tabular  form  under  S.phenax. 


SPILOGALE  PHENAX  sp.  nov. 

(Plato  I,  figs.  1-3.) 

Tyjie  No.  Y\%t    3  ad.     Merriam  collection.     From  Nicasio,  Marin  County,  Cal- 
ifornia, October  31,  1885.     Collected  by  C.  A.  Allen. 

Oeneral  characters. — Size  large ;  hind  foot  40  (in  dry  skin) ;  tail,  with 
I  hairs,  shorter  than  head  and  body.  External  lateral  stripes  narrow,  but 
considerably  broader  than  in  S.  saxatilis;  lumbar  spots  inclined  to 
become  confluent  with  posterior  transverse  stripes.  Markings  other- 
wise normal.  Exposed  white  portion  of  tail  occupying  teriniual  third 
above  and  terminal  half  below.  There  is  considerable  white  in  irreg- 
I  ular  patches  about  the  chin  and  angles  of  the  mouth. 

Cranial  and  dental  characters.— The  postorbital  processes  of  8.  phenax 
[reach  the  maximum  development  observed  in  the  genus;  the  postorbital 


14 


NORTH   AMERICAN  FAUNA. 


[No.  4. 


constriction  is  absent;  the  zygomatic  arclies  are  broad  and  highly 
arched,  and  the  sectorial  and  molar  teeth  are  large.  The  last  lower 
molar  is  conspicuously  larger  than  in  8,  graoilia  and  S.  saxatilis. 

8.  phenax  ditters  from  8.  saxatilis  in  the  following  particulars :  The 
breadth  across  the  postorbital  processes  is  greater  (ratio  to  basilar  length 
37,  against  3S.2  in  saxatili8)'j  there  is  no  attempt  at  a  postorbital  con- 
striction; the  emargination  above  the  nasal  aperture  is  neither  so 
broad  nor  so  deep ;  the  vault  of  the  cranium  is  higher ;  the  molariform 
teeth  in  both  jaws  are  much  larger,  particularly  the  Inst  lower  molar, 
the  ratio  of  which  to  the  interorbital  constriction  is  20.3,  while  in  aaxa- 
tilU  it  is  17.4  (the  ratio  of  the  interorbital  breadth  to  the  basilar  length 
being  the  same  in  both  skulls) ;  the  combined  length  of  the  crowns  of 
the  upper  sectorial  tooth  and  molar  equals  the  length  of  the  pterygoid 
fossa,  while  it  falls  short  of  it  iu  aojcatilia  ;  the  palate  is  broader,  the 
ratio  of  the  distance  across  the  upi)er  molars  to  palatal  length  being 
100.4,  while  in  saxatilis  it  is  94.1);  and  the  inner  lobe  of  the  upper  molar 
is  narrower  (the  ratio  of  the  anteroposterior  diameter  of  the  inner  lolte 
to  the  same  diameter  of  the  outer  lobe  being  87.5,  while  in  saxatilis  it 
is  95.2). 

Several  specimens  from  the  region  about  San  Bernardino  and  Alham- 
bra,  in  southern  California,  have  longer  tails  and  broader  side  stripes 
than  the  Nicasio  specimens,  and  the  markings  under  the  chin  tend  to 
arrange  themselves  in  two  small  parallel  stripes,  with  a  small  spot  at 
each  angle  of  the  mouth.  The  postorbital  processes  are  smaller  than 
in  true  phenax.    This  form  may  merit  subspecitlc  separation. 

The  following  table  shows  the  ratios  of  a  number  uf  cranial  and 
dental  measurements  in  8.  saaatilis  and  8.  phenax^  and  also  iu  8.  gracilis^ 
their  nearest  geographical  neighbor: 

Ratios  of  type  specimens  of  Spilogale  phenax,  S.  aaxatilUi,  and  S.  gracilis  {all  adult  males). 


Ratios  to  basilar  length  of  Hensel : 

Height  of  crauinm  ftoiii  posterior  niargiu  of  palate 

Length  of  upper  sectorial  tooth 

Length  of  lower  sectorial  tooth 

Length  of  upper  sectorial  and  molar  togpthor 

BieMth  act  088  postorbital  processes 

Postorbital  constriction 

Ratios  to  palatal  length : 

Distance  from  foramen  magnum  to  post-palatal  notch 

Length  of  upper  lateral  series  of  tt;eth 

Breadth  across  upper  molars    

Length  of  upper  sectorial  tooth 

Length  of  upper  molar  (auturo-postt-rlor  diameter  of  outer 

cusp)  

Ratio  of  length  of  last  lower  molar  to  interorbital  constriction . 

Ratio  of  breadth  to  length  of  upper  sectorial  tooth 

Ratio  of  breadth  to  length  of  upper  molar 

Ratio  of  inner  cusp  to  outer  cusp  of  npper  molar  (antero-poste- 
rior  diameter  of  each) 


Cal.   cfnd.  Utah.rfad.l*;«  ""•.fj;- 
No.  2100.      No.  6676.   '  ^o%mj' 


28.6 

13 

16 

21.4 

31 

30.4 

141 

83.0 
100.4 

31.4 

23.1 

20.3 

U7.C 

143.8 

T.5 


27.2 
12.2 
14.9 
IB.  7 
35.2 
27 

13,'-. 
82.9 
91.1 
29.2 

20.4 

17.4 

66.6 

147.6 

95.2 


26.5 
12.5 
15.9 
21.7 
35.7 
25.9 

144 
89.5 
05.8 
31.2 

24.4 

17.7 

64.4 

129.7 

80.8 


[No.  4. 


jcT.,  mmi.  J 


REVISION    OF   THE   GENU8   SriLOOALE. 


16 


i  and  hiffbly 
he  last  lower 
ratilis. 

biculars:  The 
basilar  length 
storbital  con- 
H  neither  bo 
le  molariform 
lower  molar, 
rhile  in  »tixa- 
tasilar  length 
he  crowns  of 
)he  pterygoid 
i  broader,  the 
length  being 
a  upper  molar 
be  inner  lolie 
in  saxatilia  it 

0  and  Alham- 
'  side  stripes 
chin  tend  to 
imall  spot  at 
smaller  than 
on. 

'  cranial  and 
in  8.  graciliSf 


all  adult  males). 


8PIL0GALE  rni'^NAX  LATIPUONS  subsp.  nov. 

Type  No,  i\'il{,  9  i>l*i>  ^-  !^-  Natioiiiil  Miihuiiiii  (Dt^itiirtineut  of  AKriciilturo  col- 
lection). From  UoHebiirK>  DunglaHC.'oiiiity,  Ori'^ou,  July  13,  ItiriV,  Colleoted 
by  Tkeodori^  H.  ruliiier.     (Ori^innl  niiiiilicr,  iiKi. ) 

MeaMurementH  (♦akon  in  th«  Hesli). — Total  Ien{;tli,  336;  tail  vertebrw, 
|130;  pencil,  9(>;  bind  foot,  10. 

Qeneral  characters.— HiiuWar  to  S.  phenax,  but  much  smaller.  No 
peculiarities  in  the  markings  appenr  in  tlie  single  specimen  examined — 

very  old,  nursing  female  in  worn  pelage— exce|)t  the  white  under  the 
:;bin,  which  is  nincli  less  extensive  than  in  S.  phenax ;  other  specimens 
^uay  have  more. 

Cranial  charavUrH. — The  skull  of  !S.  phenax  lati/rons,  a»  its  name  indi- 
cates, is  broader  interorbitally  and  across  the  postorbital  processes  than 
S.phenax.  It  is  broader  also  across  the  brain  case,  the  mastoids,  and 
the  palate.  The  last  lower  molar  is  much  smaller  than  in  S.  phtnax, 
The  skull  of  th<3  type  specimen  is  so  injured  that  the  basilar  length  can 
lot  be  taken,  but  another  skull,  from  Cliehalis  Co.,  on  the  coast  of 
Washington,  attbrds  the  followntg  ratios,  which  for  convenience  of 
Bomparison  are  accompanied  by  corresponding  ratios  of  the  type  of  8. 
')henax : 


Xatios  to  basilar  lenfith  of  Hi^nael:  I 

lutoroi'bital  breadth 

Breadth  ucrogs  postorbital  processus 

Breadth  across  molars 

Breadth  across  luastoidi 

Brpadlh  of  lirniucasc 


S.  lati/ronii, 

No.  2&83. 

?  9  yg.ad. 

S.phenax, 

No.  2100. 

J  ad. 

32.4 

a8.ti 

43.2 
68.6 
53.1 

20.4 
37 

41.6 
04 

4g 

No.  248»7. 


6675. 


•-'7. 2 
12.2 
14.0 
10.7 

as.  2 

27 

26.5 
12.5 
15.9 
21.7 
35.7 
25.0 

13,5 
82.0 
01.1 
2U.2 

144 
80.5 
05.8 
31.2 

20.4 

17.4 

66.6 

147.6 

24.4 

17.7 

64.4 

120.7 

05.2 

80.8 

I  tnoaMiia. 


GRi 


8.1 


8.  rlDgtns. 


'i*!!!!.^''         (arnndci  :  Ui«enH 


Lut'AM, 


Moliile, 


--^'-  ;      ^'"ti'^K"'   A'» 


Il9.     4148. 


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8 

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n.9 

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ri2.4 

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5.  U 

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1.1 

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3.1 

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5.9 

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7.2 

Is 

'4.1 

■7.7 
I  0 


01 

ei.n 

66 

firi 

40.6 

a7.3 

10.6 

18.2 

11 

■SI.  6 

22.  5 

17 

15.2 

24 

18 

22 

14.6 

41.5 

21.5 

13 


6.8 
4.Q 
5 
7 

6  8 
4.4 
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4 

3.6 
11.1 


248U7 
J  ml. 


53.8 
6i 

47 

50.6 

34 

29.  H 

10.8 

14.7 

12.2 

27.8 

10.2 

lU.  5 

1 2.  .5 

23.5 

17.2 

18.4 

11.7 

34  8 

16.5 

10.8 


8 

8.8 
4.7 
6.2 
6 

:i.8 

7.6 
3 
3 
10.2 


I 


73.8 
07.8 
43.0 
40.0 
32.7 
40 
SO 
3U.9 
27.8 
12.3 
14  5 
23.6 
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?3 
20 

105.4 
20.1 

185.7 
144.4 

8U 

07.7 

30.2 

22.2 

U7.0 

50 

88 

02.  8 

140 

37.7 

44.4 

122  2 

05. 0 


1.6       86.2 


72.3 
83.4 
50 

40.  R 
36.5 

mi 

68.5 
35,1 
26. 5 
12.7 
16.0 
22.9 
3.^  7 
31.2 
25.0 
1 07. 4 
21.7 

155.2 
144.7 
hO.5 
0.5.8 
31.2 
24.4 
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40 
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131.9 

34.8 

43.6 

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03.6 

94 


4Me  9      30058  <t 


I 


51.7 
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48 

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34 

20 

17.7 

15.  5 

13.5 

28.5 

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17.8 

14.2 

23.5 

17 

20.3 

11.2 

34.0 

16 

11.5 


0  1 

4.2 

5.2 

6.7 

5 

4 

7.5 

a.a 

3 
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70.8 
00.4 
48.0 
40 
35.4 
42.  3 
.^9. 3 
37 
20.5 
12.7 
15.6 
23.0 
36.8 
32.2 
28.1 
101 
21.2 

161 

148.4 

88.5 
105.7 

31.7 

27 

()8.8 

44 

76.9 

5!).  7 


3,-)  8 

44.1 

119.3 

55.1 

104 


68 

54.7 

40.2 
61.5 
34.7 
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17.;; 

15 

14.7 

20.5 

10.4 

18.6 

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24.5 

17.5 

21 

12 

36.5 

17.5 

11.8 


6.3 
4.3 
6 

6.8 
5.8 
4.3 
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3.5 
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70.5 
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ne.o 

37.6 
30.8 
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20.5 


Ueorxla 
3013. 


62 

50.7 

46 

48.8 

32. 5 

28.6 

18.2 

14.6 

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27.5 

18 

17 

14.6 

28 

15.8 

10.8 
33 
16 
10.8 


6.8 

8.8 

4.6 

0.3 

6 

3.7 

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2.7 

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70.6 

61.0 

60 

30.1 

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31.6 
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20.6 


i:!8.  8  '■    136 


36 
42. 8 
120 
57.1 

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158.2 

158.3 

152 

152.7 

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25.7 

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58.7 

8.  Iiitcmiptn. 


Trogo  Cuuuty,  Kaut. 


Tl  «"•« 


36.7 

44.3 

120.2 

50.8 

92 


63.8 
61.6 

48.6  [ 

47.6  I 

30.8 

28.3  I 

15.6 

13.7 

14.2 

27.5 

18.5 

17.5 

14 

22. 8 

10.8 

10.3 

11.2 

32.6 

15.7 

11.2 


6.2 
4.2 
5 

8.6 
5.6 
4.1 
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8 

2.8 
10.6 


66 
60.8 
49 
30  7 
35.8 
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24 

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102.1 
22. 5 


136. 0       132 


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6i 

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47 

31 

28 

18 

14 

14.3 

28.5 

10 

17 

14.2 

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19.7 

11.8 

33.7 

16.6 

11.7 


8.4 
4.8 
6 

6.7 
6.8 
4.1 
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8.6 
3.3 
10.8 


65.2 

68.0 

40.4 

40 

86.4 

41.4 

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35.7 

29.8 

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24.6 

33.6 

29.4 

30.1 

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22.7 


8328 
9  iiii. 


1,'.2.  0 

147.3 

148.6 

150 

89.7 

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104.3 

103.8 

33.  5 

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27 

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42.2 

45.4 

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82 

62.1 

61.1 

134 


37. 3  36. 9 

43. 7  44.  5 

110.2  '  113.8 

68  59. 8 


90.0 


04  3 


64,6 
63.6 

48.6 

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28.7 

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14.7 

30.6 

10 

17 

14.2 

93.3 

17.3 

10.5 

11.6 

34.6 

16.2 

11.3 


6 

4.1 
5 

6.6 
6.3 
4.1 
7.1 
3.1 
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60.1 

48 

39.1 

86.6 

40.2 

60.8 

35 

20.2 

12.3 

14.6 

23.2 

33.8 

29.6 

30.3 

98.5 

21.4 

161 

15.5.  2 
01 

102.8 
31.5 
26.3 
68.3 
43.0 
82 
62.1 

132 

34.6 
41 

112.7 
58.4 

04.3 


30080 
J  Iiii. 


68 
57 

SI. 5 

62.7 

34.8 

31.2 

16.7 

14.1 

15 

31.4 

20 

10 

IS 

26.2 

18 

20 

12.3 

37 

18.2 

12.7 


6.6 
4.3 
6.6 
7.2 
6.2 
4  7 
7.8 
3.S 
3.5 
11.2 


87.6 
60.6 
48.0 
38.8 
84.0 
38.8 
60.9 
36.8 
29.1 
12.6 
16.1 
24. « 
32.4 
27.3 
20.1 
102. 3 
21.7 

150 

157 

00 

loo 

32.5 

28 

(iO.  1 

44.8 

83.9 

65.2 

128.5 

36.1 

43.3 

111.1 

01.6 

90.3 


CRANIAL  MEASUREMENTS  AND  RATIOS  OF  T 


MEASUREMENTS  ANIJ  RATIOS. 


8.  lucaaaiia. 


S.  {{racilia. 


8.  pheuax. 


'  LSca"-!-      j  Oraml  Cafu.., 
Lower  Ciil.  ■*"^- 


MEASITREMENTS  OF  SKULL. 

Bafiilar  lonKlli  from  condyle  to  front  of  promaxillarv 

H:i  ilnr  lungtli  from  condyle  to  pontcrior  rim  of  iil vcoIhm  of  iiiiddlo  incisor  

ISui    .tr  lonjftli  of  HcnHt'l  (from  inferior  lip  of  foraiiiuii  ma};nuni  to  poHterlor  rim  of 

alveolus  of  middle  ioclsor)  .   .... 

Occipito-uasal  length  (on  median  line  from  occipital  crest  to  front  of  uutialH) 

Greatest  zygomatic  breadtli 

Greatest  mastoid  breadth 

Breadth  across  postorbital  processes 

Luast  interorbital  breadt  h 

Least  postorbital  breadth , 

Distance  from  inferior  lip  of  foramen  ma);uuro  to  postpalata!  notch 

Palatal  leuKth  (from  postpalatal notch  to  posterior  liiu  of  alveohis of  middle  inci.sor) 

Ileifrht  of  cranium  from  uasiHphonoid  to  parietal  (at  ])lane  of  aiidital  mentut')  

Height  of  cranium  from  palate  to  point  between  poHtorbitsil  procoHses 

Greatest  breadth  of  brain-case  above  or  in  front  of  intlated  mastoids 

Length  of  lateral  series  of  teeth  on  alveoli  (from  front  of  canine  to  back  of  inohu) . 

Greatest  breadth  acrosii  molars  (on  alveoli)  

Greatest  breadth  across  canines  (on  alveoli)  

Greatest  length  of  under  jaw  (single  half) 

}Ieight  of  corono) '.  proi-.jss  from  angle 

Length  of  pterygoid  fossa  (from  baseof  hamular  to  deepest  partofpostpalatalnotcli) 

MEASUREMENTS  OF  TEETH. 

Upper  sectorial,  greatest  length  of  crown  

Upper  sectorial,  greatest  breadth  of  crown 

Upper  molar,  greatest  antero  postci'ior  diameter  of  ci  own  (on  outer  lobe) 

Upper  molar,  greatest  transverse  diameter  of  crov.n  (obliiiue) 

Upper  molar,  greatest  transverse  diameter  of  crown  from  notch  on  outside 

Upper  molar,  greatest  autero  i>osterior  diameter  of  crown  of  inner  lol)o    

Lower  sectorial  tooth,  greatest  length  of  crown 

Lower  sectorial  tooth,  greatest  breadtli  at  middle 

Lower  sectorial  tooth,  greatest  breadth  of  posterior  lobe 

Combined  length  of  upper  sectorial  and  molar  (on  crowns) 

RATIOS. 
Ratios  to  ba.silar  length  of  Rensel : 

Zygomatic  breadth 

Mastoid  breadth 

Breadth  of  brain-case 

Palatal  length 

Length  of  lateral  series  of  teeth 

Hr::.. it'll  across  molar.-* 

Distance  from  foramen  magnum  to  postpalatal  notch  

Height  of  cranium  from  basi"pheuold  

Height  of  cranium  from  pikUte 

Length  of  iipjjor  sectorial  tooth 

Length  of  lower  sectorial  tooth 

Length  of  pterygoid  fo-ssa 

Breadth  across  postorbital  processes 

Brea<lth  of  interorbital  constriction 

Breadth  of  postorbital  constriction 

Oi'cipito  nasal  length 


4219. 


04 

02 


Length  of  upper  sectorial  aiid  molar  together  (on  cro wus) 

Ratios  to  palatal  length: 

Mastoid  breadth 

Foramen  magnum  to  postpalatal  notch    

Length  of  upper  lateral  series  of  teeth 

Breadth  across  ujjper  molars 

Length  of  upper  sectorial  tenth 

Length  of  upper  molar  (antero-posterior  diameter  of  outer  cusp) 

Ratic  of  breadth  to  htngth  of  upper  sectorial  tooth 

Ratioef  breadth  to  length  of  lower  sectorial  tooth  (breadth  at  middle) 

Ritio  of  length  of  inner  cnsp  toonter  ctisp  of  iipner  molar 

Ratio  of  length  of  inner  cusp  to  longest  (t-ansverse)  diameter  of  upper  molar 

Ratio  of  greatest  transverse  breadth  of  u,)per  molar  to  antero-posterior  diameter 

of  outer  lobe  of  same 

Ratios  to  upper  lateral  series  of  teolli ; 

Length  of  upjier  sectorial  tooth 

Length  of  lower  molar 

Breadth  across  upper  molars 

Ratio  of  breadth  across  canines  to  breadth  across  molars 

Ratio  of  antero  posterior  diameter  of  outer  cusp  of  upper  molar  to  transveise  diain- 
eter  from  notch 


.')3. 6 
r>9 

40.  ."i 

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Id 
15.5 

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72. 9 

CO.  3 
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m 
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27.0 
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171.1 
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87.5 
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127.2 

35 
41.1 

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4143. 


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fil.  5 


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41.5 

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50 

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27.6 
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23.6 
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33 
29 

105.4 
20.1 

165.7 
144.4 
80 
07.7 
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t;7.  0 
50 
8S 
02.8 

140 

37.7 

44  4 

122  2 

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24807 
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t 


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107.4 
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31.2 
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91.6      80.2 


34.8 

43.  0 

100.9 

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94 


26308 
</  iiii. 


52.6 
61.5 

47 

47.3 

32 

29.2 

15.9 

14 

14.8 


Utah.  ^"'-  Gal.     i    ^'"-         Cal. 


S.  p.  lati Irons. 


,^,o.    3.J57  d"  :  ,„„o  g      30374         2100      ...go ;, 
"•*•'-  o    yg.  ad.  i  ''^^  ^  .    9  ad.      d  ad.    -*"-  " 


28. 
18. 
17. 
13 
25 
10 
18. 
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33 
15. 
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6.3 
4.2 
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6.5 
5.2 
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68 
02. 1 
53. 1 
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34 
39.7 
00 

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34.5 

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17.5 

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17 

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0.3 

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4.3 

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3 

9.9 


08.7 
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45.4 
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69.7 
31.8 
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14.5 
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28.4 
28.2 
102.5 
19.7 

1,55.4 
148.  5 
80.6 
95 
31.1 
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50.4 


56.5 

55.5 

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51.5 
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17.8 
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15.4  ; 

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24 

18.2 

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21.8 

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36 
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50.5 

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20.4 
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31.5 
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9.3 


6.8 
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4.2 
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7 

3.1 
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10 


09.2 
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20 
14.9 
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21.0 

1.52.  4 
141.1 

88.7 
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58.7 

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04 

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30.7 
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150.8 
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57 
55 

50 

,52.8 

37 

32 

IH.  5 

14.8 

15.2 

29. 2 

20.7 

17 

14.3 

24.5 

17.8 

20.8 

13.5 

37.2 

17.2 

10.8 


0.5 
4.4 

4.8 
7 

5.7 
4.2 
8 

3.2 
3 
10.7 


74 
64 
49 
41.4 
35.0 
41.0 
58.4 
34 

28.0 
13 
16 

21.6 
37 

29.6 

30.4 

105,6 

21.4 

154.5 
141 

85.9 
1U0.4 

31.4 

211 

67.6 

40 

87.  5 

60 


57.5 
50.7 

51.8 
51.7 
( !  30. 5) 
32.  8 
1H.7 
15.4 
15.5 
29.5 
22.  5 
18.6 
14.0 
25.  5 
17.5 
21.  2 
13 

37.2 
18 
U 


06.1       84.3 


98.1 


82.  3  I     100 


30.  5 

44.9 

IIO.H 

01.9 

84.2 


6. 
4 

4. 
6. 
5, 
4. 
7, 
3 

3.1 
10 


70.4 
63.3 
49.2 
43.4 
33.7 
40.9 
.56.  9 
35.7 
28.1 
11. « 
14.0 
21.2 
30.1 
20.  7 
29.9 
99.8 
19.3 

145.7 
1111.1 
77.7 
94.2 
27.  5 
21.3 
04.5 
40 
87.  5 
01,7 


134.7       146.8  1     141.6 


35  4 

43.4 

121. 1 

01.3 

90.5 


Rose- 
^burg, 
Oregon. 

24200 
9  old. 

Chehal 

Co., 

Wash 

2583. 

52. 
51. 

40. 

48. 
34. 
.30. 
18 
15 
1,5. 
27 

32""' 

18.3 
15.3 
15.0 

18.5 

14.5 

13 

25 

16.5 

19.5 

11.5 


0.2 
3.7 
4.6 
6 

5.  1 
3.5 
7.2 
3.2 
2.8 
10 


89.1 
10.5.4 
33.5 
24.8 
SO.  6 
44.4 
70 
58.  3 

130.4 

37.  5 
43.6 
118.1 
58 

90.1 


CS  AND  RATIOS  OF  TEN  SPECIES  OF  SPILOGALE. 


S.  p.  latil'rous. 


'"■  Nicaslo, 
Cul. 


Sunt  a  I     Kuse- 
Clura,  I     biir^;, 
Cal.    I  Ore^uii. 


S.  piitoriuH. 


Lake  Worth,  Fla. 


4        2100    :.Mooi,„!     24200 
I.      d"aa.   i-i»-""       9  old. 


57 
55 

SO 

f>2.8 

37 

32 

IH.  5 

14.8 

15.2 

2'J.2 

20.7 

17 

14.3 

24.5 

17.8 

20.8 

13.5 

37.2 

17.2 

1U.8 


C.5 
4.4 
4.8 
7 

6.7 
4.2 
8 

3.2 
3 
10.7 


57.5 
60.7 

51.8 
51.7 
(?30.5) 
32.8 
IK.  7 
15.4 
15.5 
2!>.5 


I 


I 


74 
C4 
40 
41.4 
35. « 
41.6 
58.4 
34 

28.0 
13 
10 

21.6 
37 

20.6 

30.4 

105.6 

21.4 

154.5 
141 

85.0 
1U0.4 

31.4 

23.  1 

07.0 

40 

87.5 

60 

146.8 

30.5 

44.0 

UO.rt 

04.9 

84.2 


32 

ias 

15.3 
15.0 


22. 5 ; 

18.5 

18.6  1 

14.6 

14.0 

13 

25.  5 

25 

17.5 

16.5 

21.2  j 

10.5 

13 

11.5 

37.2 

18 

U 

6.2 

6.2 

4. 

3.7 

4.8 

4.0 

6.8 

6 

5  3 

5.1 

4.2 

3.5  1 

7.6 

7.2  1 

3.5 

3.2 

3.1 

2.8 

10 

10 

70.4 

63.  3 

40.2 

43.4 

33.7 

.......... 

40.  0 

m.  0 

35.7 

28.1 

U.S 

14.6 

21.2 



36.1 

21».7 



29.9 

99.8 

1!).  3 

' 

145.7 

1 

131.1 

77.7 

89.1 

04.2 

10,5.4 

27.  5 

33.5 

21.3 

24.  8 

64.5 

50.6 

46 

44.4 

87.5 

70 

61.7 

5H.3 

141.6 

130.4 

35  4 

j    37.  5  ' 

43.4 

43. 6 

121. 1 

1    118.1 

01.3 

58 

00.5 

00.1 

150.9 

13!). « 

87 

103.  0 
32.  0 
2.-).  3 

on.  0 

39.  4 
77.  5 
01.2 


120.5       147.6       141?.  7       131.1 


37.5 
41.6 
11!) 
50.6 

102 


3,5.2 

42.  9 

113.5 

03.  7 

82.3 


30.8 
43.1 
111.2 

67.8 

82.0 


37.  5 

42. .'. 

1 1 5.  G 

02.1 

90 


132.  5  i 

130.3 

139. 1 

34.  8  1 
41.7 
113.9 
03.3 

38.7 

47.0 

12!t.  2 

02. 1 

34.3 

43.7 

11.5.0 

CO.  5 

1 

S)5.  5  ' 

77  1 

02 

*^'''-   ral,  Fla. 

24115  9  0400. 

40.2 
4.5.3 

41 

130 

39.3 

43.7 

11H.7 

.■>0.  8 

91.3 


■11.8 

28.7 

26 

l.i.n 

13 


DESCR 


A.     DEE 


TLe  tj 

Expedit 

I  the  presi 

jfoiin  hav 

iMonntaii 

I  pari  son  ( 

[are  at  k 

Iscribed. 

The  mt 

iistiiigui 

tbe  color 

the  tail. 

larginal 

^ahsatc 

from  the 

md  Doni 

leck  in  i 

Khestnut 

uit;  whi 

bed  or  0( 

luuer  bli 

|s  largo 

nediuni  t 

Vlouiitaii 

jionnd  ci 

il)per  sui 

Specific  r 

Season 

resent  5- 

am  fani 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  FIVE  NEW  GROUND  SQUIRRELS  OF  THE  GENUS 

TAMIAS. 


By  Dr.  C.  Haet  Merkiam. 


,.     DESCRIPTIONS   OF  THREE   NEW    SPECIES    OP    THE    TAMIAS 

LATERALIS  GROUP. 

The  type  specimen  of  Tamias  Uiteralin  of  !Siiy  was  collected  by  Long's 
I  Expedition  on  the  Arkansas  lilver  in  Colorado,  a  few  miles  below 
j  the  present  site  of  Canon  City.  Specimens  agreeing  with  the  typical 
form  have  been  examined  from  other  parts  of  Colorado,  from  the  Uinta 
[Monutains  in  Utah,  and  frou)  San  Francisco  ^lountain,  Arizona.  Com- 
Iparison  of  specimens  from  varions  parts  of  the  West  shows  that  there 
[are  at  least  three  well-marked  species  which  have  not  yet  been  de- 
Iscribed. 

The  most  conspicuous  differences  by  which  the  several  forms  may  be 
[distiuguished  are:  (1)  the  extent  of  tln^  inner  black  dorsal  stripe;  {2) 
the  color  of  the  head  and  neck;  and  (.'i)  the  color  of  the  under  side  of 
the  tail.    In  true  lateralis  the  under  side  of  the  tail  (within  the  sub- 
larginal  black  band)  is  grizzled  (iyai/i.shy<lloH\     In  speciuiens  from  the 
^ahsatch  (near  Park  City,  Utah),  it  is  deep,  intense  vhoitnut;  in  those 
[from  the  Sierra Xevada  (from  Klamath,  Oregon,  to  Lake  Tahoe,  Nevada, 
Hid  Donner,  California)  it  is  deep./W/r(>/^s'.    The  head  and  sides  of  the 
leck  in  typical  lateralis  are  sutfused  with  i'erruginous  or  pale  rusty 
Bhestnut;  in  the  Wahsatch  animal  tlie  same  parts  are  f/rey/rusty  chest- 
uit;  while  in  specimens  from  the  Sierra  Nevada  they  are  bright  golden- 
bed  or  ochra(!eous,  strikingly  ditferent   from  any  of  the  others.    The 
Inner  black  strii»e  is  small  and  more  or  less  obscured  in  lateralis;  it 
|s  large  and  distinct   in    the  Wahsatch  and  Sierra  animals,  and   of 
ledium  size  in  ^Montana  specimens.     Specimens  from  the  INIedicine  Bow 
[ountains,  Wyoming,  <lilt'er  from  all  the  others  examined,  in  having  the 
Ground  color  above  very  much  darker.     In  some  of  these  specimens  the 
Ipper  surface  of  the  tail  is  almost  black.    The  form  may  deserve  sub- 
Ipecific  recognition. 

Seasonal  variation  in  color  is  more  marked  in  some  mend)ers  of  the 
Present  group  than  in  any  other  North  American  mammal  with  which 
am  familiar  (excei)ting,  of  course,  the  winter  (change  to  pure  white  in 
o.")14— No.  4 L5  17 


18 


NORTH    AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


[No.  4. 


some  northern  species).  This  variation  rehites  mainly  to  the  extent 
and  intensity  of  the  10(1  or  goklen  mantle  which  covers  the  head  and 
neck.  The  maximum  develoi)ment  of  color  occurs  soon  after  the  close 
of  the  breeding  season,  in  August  and  September;  but,  as  shown  by 
Dr.  J.  A.  Allen*  in  his  recent  excellent  and  highly  critical  revision  of  the 
chipmunks  of  the  Tamias  quaihinttaUis  group,  the  change  may  be  de- 
layed by  nursing  and  other  causes,  so  that  specimens  showing  both  ex- 
tremes may  be  killed  the  same  day  at  the  same  place.  As  a  rule  the 
males  are  more  highly  colored  than  the  females.  Tliis  is  particularly 
marked  in  T.  cinerascens,'u\  which  the  extremes  of  sexual  coloration  are 
so  different  that  it  is  hard  to  believe  them  the  same  species.  Adult 
males  and  females  of  this  species,  the  former  in  the  height  of  the  red, 
the  latter  in  the  purest  gray  phase,  were  collected  by  myself  at  Helena, 
Montana,  about  the  middle  of  August,  1888,  together  with  a  few  speci- 
mens in  intei'mediate  pelage. 

Common  characters. — Tamias  lateralis  and  its  allies  here  described 
are  the  largest  of  the  American  ground  squirrels  of  the  genus  Tamias. 
They  are  intermediate  between  Tamias  and  Spermophihis,  and  it  is  open 
to  question  whether  they  do  not  belong  to  the  latter  rather  than  to  the 
former  genus.  They  certainly  depart  from  Tamias  proper  and  agree  with 
Spermophiliis  (section  or  subgenus  Golobotis)  in  the  form  of  the  skull, 
in  the  general  form  of  the  body  (in  being  heavy  and  thick-set  instead 
of  light  and  slender),  iu  habits,  in  becoming  excessively  fat  in  the  fall, 
and  in  hibernating  early.  Tliey  differ  from  all  members  of  both  groups 
in  the  peculiar  pattern  of  the  coloration,  namely,  the  absence  of  dorsal 
stripe  or  stripes,  coupled  with  the  possession  of  three  lateral  stripes  on 
each  side  (two  of  which  are  black,  separated  by  one  which  is  whitish  or 
yellowish),  and  a  conspicuous  mantle  of  ferruginous-chestnut  or  ochra- 
ceous,  which  covers  the  head  and  neck  to  the  shoulders  at  least  a  part 
of  the  year.  Heretofore  but  one  species  {T.  JatcraUs)  has  been  recog- 
nized. Three  additional  species  are  here  described.  The  four  may  be 
arranged  in  couplets  according  to  affinities,  thus : 

KEY   TO   Sl'KCIES   OV  Till;   TAMIAS   LATEIJALIS   GROUP. 

a'.  Inner  black  8trii)(Miiiich  smaller  thiiu  oiiti-r;  lateral  hairs  of  tail  with  <tt)o  black 
bauds;  under  side  of  tail  grizzled  yellowish  gray. 

// ',  Grouiul  color  of  l)ack  grizzled  brown lateralis, 

!>-.  Ground  color  of  back  gri/zled  ash-gray cinemacenn. 

a^.  Inner  stripe  as  large  as  outer;  lat(!ral  hairs  of  tail  with  one  black  band;  under 
side  of  tail  fnlvous  or  chestnut. 

c '.  Under  side  of  tail  deep  chcttiiiit :  niautle  ferruginous  chestnut castaiiuriis, 

<!-'.  Under  side  of  tail /«/ro«8  ;  mantle  ochraccous chri/nodcirus. 

Fannal  position.— Tamias  lateralis  and  its  relatives  here  described 
belong  to  the  lower  or  southern  zones  of  the  Boreal  province.  They  in- 
habit tlie  Douglas  Fir  zone  and  the  higher  levels  of  the  P//<M.s'/>y/<(?ero«« 
zone,  and  are  pai'tii-iilarly  fond  of  rocky  hillsides. 

*  Hull.  Am.  Miis.  Nat.  Tlisl.,  New  Voik,  III,  May.  1890,  pp.  4i)-.".(). 


[No.  4. 


3CT.,  1890.  J 


FIVE   NEW   GROUND   SQUIRRELS. 


19 


;o  the  extent 
be  head  and 
ter  the  close 
as  shown  by 
Bvision  of  the 
}  may  be  de- 
viug  both  ex- 
A.S  a  rule  the 
particularly 
oloratlou  are 
jcies.  Adult 
t  of  the  red, 
slf  at  Helena, 
1  a  few  speci- 

ere  described 
jenus  Tamim. 
and  it  is  open 
ir  than  to  the 
nd  agree  with 
1  of  the  skull, 
tii-set  instead 
it  in  the  fall, 
f  both  groups 

nee  of  dorsal 
ral  stripes  on 

is  whitish  or 

nut  or  ochra- 
;  least  a  part 
been  recog- 

four  may  be 


TAMIAS  CASTANLTRUS  sp.  uov. 

Type  No.  Sniil?  i  lul,  U.  S.Natioiial  Mnseniii  (Department  of  Agriculture  collec- 
tion). From  Park  City,  Walisatch  MonntaiiiH,  Utah  (altitiule  7,000  feet), 
July  3,  1890.    Collected  by  Vernon  Hiiiloy.     (Original  number,  I'.iS',].) 

Measnremrnis  (talfen  in  the  tiesh). — Total  length,  L*84;  tail  vertebrie, 
»'J;  pencil,  32;  hind  foot,  43.     Ear  from  crown,  13  (in  dry  skin). 

Color. — Head  and  neck  to  shoulders  ferruginous  cliestnut,  lightest  on 
the  sides  of  the  neck.  Inner  black  stripe  nearly  as  broad,  long,  and 
jharply  deliued  as  the  outer,  in  this  respect  resembling  T.  chrysodeiruH 
)f  the  V/ahsatcl).  Belly  hairs  dusky  at  base  as  in  T.  citrysodeirus,  but 
tipped  with  whitish  or  very  pale  yellowish,  the  dusky  base  showing 
through.  Tail  above  mixed  yellow,  black,  and  reddish  brown,  with 
I'ellow  or  fulvous  border;  tail  below  de^p  chcsinHt,  with  a  submargiual 
)lack  band.  Upper  surfaces  of  feet  whitish.  The  grouiul  color  of  the 
rump  and  outer  side  of  the  leg  is  darker  and  more  strongly  suffused 
^vith  reddish-brown  than  in  T.  chrysodvirns. 

General  remarlcs. — This  species  is  remarkably  constant  in  coloration, 
18  shown  by  a  series  of  44  excellent  specimens  (consisting  of  adults 
uid  young  of  both  sexes)  collected  in  the  Wahsatch  Mountains  in  June 
md  July  by  Mr.  Bailey.  Almost  the  only  variation  from  the  type  is  in 
the  amount  of,  red  in  the  mantle  (some  of  the  females  having  less  than 
phe  type),  and  this  is  more  constant  than  in  the  other  species. 

Mr.  Bailey  writes  that  those  Ground  Squirrels  are  "particularly  abun- 
lant  around  the  edge  of  town  [Park  City]  and  around  the  boarding- 
louses  at  the  mines,  where  they  pick  ui)  crumbs  about  the  doors.  A 
jood  many  live  along  the  roads,  picking  up  the  grain  that  falls  from 
ragons.  Of  thirty-five  stomachs  examined,  all  but  ten  contained  re- 
laius  of  insects  (grasshoppers,  beetles,  flies,  and  larvic).  Most  of  them 
Contained  also  seeds  of  plants,  flowers,  and  foliage,  and  some  were 
learly  full  of  roses.  Many  contained  corn,  beans,  oats,  bread,  cake, 
)otatoes,  and  fat  pork  picked  up  about  camp." 


witli  two  black 

lateralis, 

cinerascenn. 

ck  band ;  under 

castniiuritK. 

...chrynotlcirus. 

ere  described 
ce.  They  in- 
HUH  i)ondero8a 


TAMIAS  CHRYSODEIRUS  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  ^'Yi'i   $   ad.     Merriam  collection.     From  Fort  Klamath,  Oregon,  July 
;U,  1888.    Collected  by  Samuel  Parker.     (Original  number,  113.) 

-;  pencil,  25: 


41)-50. 


Measurements. — Total  length,  280 ;  tail  vertebr;c,  - 
lind  foot,  39;  ear  from  crown,  13. 

General  characters. — Top  of  head,  rusty  chestnut;  sides  of  neck, 
>right  ochraceous,  this  color  reaching  forward  on  the  sides  of  the  face. 
)ackward  to  the  shoulders,  upward  across  the  nuchal  region,  where  it  is 
rrizzled  with  the  black-tippecl  hairs  of  the  back,  and  downward  (though 
n  a  paler  shade)  completely  ai^ross  the  throat,  ami  brightest  on  the 
lides  of  the  neck  between  the  ears  and  shoulders.   The  three  side  stripes 


20 


NOUTII    AMKUICAN    I'AIINA 


I  No.  4. 


of  equal  l)reu(lth  tliroughout;  inner  blaek  stripe  equalinif  the  outer  in 
length,  breadth,  and  sharpness  of  dellnition;  wliite  stripe  extending 
both  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  beyond  the  otliers,  and  being  traceable 
in  some  specimens  from  tlie  ears  to  the  root  of  the  tail  Under  side  of 
body  everywhere  strongly  washed  with  pale  ochraceous,  which  is  deepest 
on  the  throat,  where  the  hairs  are  of  the  sam»?  color  throughout.  Belly 
hairs  dusky  at  base,  with  yellowish  tips,  the  dusky  showing  through. 
Tail  above,  mixed  black  and  yellow,  with  yellowish  border;  tnil  below, 
fulvous  with  a  submarginal  band  of  black.  (Ji)[)er  surfaces  of  feet 
strongly  suffused  with  ochraceous. 

General  remarlis. — This  si)ecies  is  represented  in  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  collection  by  a  series  collected  near  (rlenbrook,  Nev.,  on  the 
eastern  side  of  Lake  Talioe,  by  Charles  A.  Keeler;  and  in  the  Merriam 
collection  by  series  from  Klamath,  Oregon,  collected  by  Samuel  Parker ; 
and  Donner,  Cal.,  collected  by  Charles  A.  Allen.  The  range  of  varia- 
tion is  slight  and  relates  mainly  to  the  intensity  of  color  of  the  mantle, 
which  varies  from  deep  ochraceous  or  orange  red  to  pale  yellowish. 


ii>)ti 


TAMIAS  CINEKASCENS  sp.  nov. 

Typo  No.  :H'tV2  iid.     Merriiini  collection.     From  Helena,  .Montana  (aUitiido  4,500 
feet),  Aiij^nst  115,  1888.    Collected  by  C.  Hart  Merriam.     (Original  number,  4.) 

Measurements. — Total  length,  322;  tail  vertebne,  lOS;  pencil,  35;  hind 
foot,  44 ;  ear  I'rom  crown,  !). 

Color  of  type  specimen,  and  of  females  cjcnerally  in  gray  phase. — Upper 
parts,  from  nose  to  root  of  tail,  clear  ash  gray,  grizzled  with  black-tipped 
hairs ;  uo  red  anywhere,  or  at  most  a  slight  ochraceous  tinge  on  shoul- 
ders or  a  few  red  hairs  about  head ;  white  stripe  brotid,  reaching  from 
ears  to  hips,  somewhat  obscured  over  shoulders ;  black  stripe  broad, 
short,  and  obscured  at  both  ends,  the  inner  shorter  than  the  oiter:  a 
reddish-brown  wash  on  outer  side  of  thighs;  tail  above  grizzled  l)lack 
and  gray,  with  yellowish  border;  tail  below  grizzled  grayish-yellow 
with  a  broad  submarginal  black  band  and  a  narrower  and  less  distinct 
(concealed)  band  on  the  itasal  half  of  the  lateral  hairs;  under  parts 
whitish,  slightly  tinged  with  yellowish,  the  dusky  basiil  portion  of  the 
belly  hairs  showing  throiigh  ;  feet  whitish  from  ankles. 

Males  in  red  phase.— '^xmWAv  to  gray  phase,  but  with  top  of  head  and 
neck  and  sides  of  neck  from  white  of  lower  ey(;lid  to  shoulders,  deep 
rusty  chestnut;  eyelids  white;  a  whitish  line  from  eye  to  ear,  dividing 
the  red  ;  face  in  front  of  eye  whitish. 

iieneral  remarls.—Thii  females  when  in  the  red  phase  are  not  nearly 
so  red  as  the  males ;  and  no  males  in  the  gray  phase  were  i)rocured. 
The  species  is  represented  by  specimens,  all  collected  by  myself  at 
Helena,  Mont.,  in  August,  1888. 

The  relationships  of  Tamias  cineraseens  are  with  T.  lateralis,  not 
with  T.  castanurHs  or  T.  chrysodeirus. 


I  No.  4. 


OCT  ,  1890. 1 


FIVK    NEW   O ROUND    SQUIRRELS. 


21 


the  outer  in 
e  extemliug 
ng  traceable 
Finler  iSido  of 
ch  is  deepest 
hont.  Belly 
ing  tbrougli. 
;  tail  below, 
faces  of  feet 

epartinent  of 
,  Nev.,  on  the 
the  INIerriaui 
luuel  Parker ; 
nge  of  varia- 
if  the  mantle, 
ellowish. 


a  (alt it  11(10  4,500 
iial  number,  4.) 

sncil,  35;  hind 

hase. — Upper 

I  black-tipped 

nge  on  shoul- 

caching  from 

stripe  broad, 

the  otter:  a 

jri/zled  black 

[layish-yellow 

I  loss  distinct 

under  parts 

)ortion  of  the 

[»  of  head  and 

oulders,  deeii 

ear,  dividinj; 

ire  not  nearl.v 

rere  i)rocured. 

by  myself  at 

lateralis,  not 


B.  DESCRIPTION   OF   A  NEW  SPECIES  OP   THE  TAMIAS  HARRISI 

GROUP. 

The  members  of  the  Tamins  harriHt  group  differ  from  all  other  Ameri- 
can ground  s(piirrels  in  po.sscssing  a  single  lateral  stripe,  white  in  color. 
Three  forms  have  beiMi  thus  far  described,  namely,  tiie  original  T.  harrisi 
of  Bachman,   ?hich  has  the  under  side  of  the  tail  iron-gray  and  the  lat- 
eral hairs  black  at  base  and  marked  with  two  free  black  bands;  T.  leu- 
curiis  (described  by  the  writer  in  Fauna  No.  2,  1889,  pp.  19-21),  which 
has  the  under  side  of  the  tail  white,  with  a  single  partly  concealed  sub- 
marginal  black  band;  and  2\  Icucnnis  cinnamomciis  (described  by  the 
writer  in  Fauna,  No.  3, 1890,  pp.  51-53),  which  has  the  tail  colored  like  the 
foregoing,  butthe  upper  parts  su  flu  sod  with  cinnamon.    The  new  species 
jhere  described  (T.  intcrprcs),  while  resembling  T.  harrisi  and  T.  leu- 
Icurua  in  the  color  of  the  upper  parts,  has  the  lateral  hairs  of  the  tail 
I  black  at  the  base  and  marked  with  tivo  free  black  bands  as  in  T.  harrisi 
from  western  Arizona,  and  the  hairs  of  tlie  under  surface  of  the  tail  white 
as  in  leucurus.     It  resembles  lenciirus  more  than  harrisi,  and  yet  is  more 
closely  related  to  the  latter.    It  is  clearly  intermediate  between  the  two 
land  still  it  does  not  connect  them,  there  being  room  for  an  intervening 
jform  or  'intergrade'  in  each  direction.    Intergrades  with  harrisi  will 
{probably  be  discovered,  so  that  it  will  rank  eventually  as  a  subspecies. 
It  may  be  known  from  the  following  description  : 

TAMIAS  INTBRPRES  sp.  nov. 

Typo  No.  i,?,',l';(i  9  ad.  U.  S.  National  Musonin  (l)ei)artni(Mit  of  Agricnltnro  col- 
lection. From  1^1  I'aso,  Texas,  December  10,  IHS'J.  Collected  by  Vernon 
IJailoy.    (Orisfinai  niiinlier,  7(W.) 

Measurements  (taken  in  flesh). — Total  length,  226;  tail  vertebrae,  80; 
pencil,  22;  hind  foot,  37  ;  ear  from  crown,  4  (in  dry  skin). 

General  characters. — Simihir  to  Tamias  leucurus,  but  tail  longerand  its 
lateral  hairs  marked  with  two  free  black  bands  instead  of  one. 

« 'D/or  (of  type  in  winter  pelage). — LTpper  parts  finely  grizzled  gray, 
jfaintly  tinged  posteriorly  with  vinaceous,  and  suffused  with  pale  ful- 
rous  over  the  nose;  shoulders,  liips,  and  outer  surfaces  of  fore  and  hind 
legs  ochraceous  buff;  a  broad  strii)e  of  clear  white  on  each  eyelid  and 
HI  each  side  of  back  from  shoulders  to  side  of  rump;  under  parts  silivy 
fhitish.  Tail  above  with  proximal  third  concolor  with  back  and  suf- 
fused with  pale  fulvous;  distal  two-thirds  grayish  black  with  a  partly 
[lioncealed  submarginal  black  band  and  whitish  border ;  tail  below  white, 
nth  two  conii)lete  free  black  bands  (the  innermost  concealed)  and  a 
I'hitish  border.  The  lateral  hairs  of  the  tail  are  black  at  the  very  base, 
lo  that  each  hair  has  three  black  zones,  alternating  with  three  white 
tones,  precisely  as  in  T.  h<(rrisi.  Ibit  it  differs  from  harrisi  in  having 
the  hairs  of  the  underside  of  the  tail  whitish  instead  of  marbled  black 
rod  white,  giving  the  tail  a  very  different  appearance. 


J 


22  NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA.  INo.4, 

The  four  forms  may  be  easily  identified  by  ihe  following 

KKY  TO  81'ECIKS  AXll  SUUSl'KCIKS  OF  THE  TAMIAS  IIAKKIKI   GUOUP. 

A.— Lateral  hairs  of  fall  with  one  froo  black  band,  under  side  of  tail  white : 

ft'.   Upper  parts  grayish leucurvH, 

¥.   Uppei  parts  ciuuainoii letiouruH  cinnamomeii-^.  | 

B. — Lateral  liairs  of  tail  witli  tivo  free  blacl<  bands: 

o'.    Under  side  of  tail  iron-gray  (mixed  black  and  white) hanixi. 

€-.   Under  side  of  tail  white interprex. 


C.    DESCRIPTION   OF 


A    NEW   SUBSPECIES    OF 
MINIMUS  GROUP. 


THE    TAMIAS 


TAMIAS  MINIMUS  MELANURUS  subsp.  nov. 


Type  No.  "u"i1  S  ad.  U.  8.  National  Mnsoum  (Department  of  Agriculture  col- 
lection). From  west  side  of  Snake  River  near  Blackfoot,  Idaho,  July  17, 
J890.  Collected  by  Vernon  Bailey  and  Basil  Hicks Dntcher.  (Original  num- 
ber, 1451). 

MeastiremenU. — Total  length, — ;  tail  vertelme,  84 ;  pencil,  21;  hind 
foot,  29;  ear  from  crown,  7.5  (in  dry  skin). 

General  characters. — Similar  to  Tamias  minimus  consobrinus  Allen,  but 
with  under  side  of  tail  black  along  the  median  line,  bordered  on  each 
side  with  pale  yellowish — thus  exactly  reversing  the  condition  whicli 
prevails  in  all  the  other  kuowu  species  of  the  genus,  the  normal  ar- 
rangement consisting  of  a  light  (usually  yellowish  or  fulvous)  median 
stripe,  bordered  by  a  submarginal  band  of  black. 

General  rewwrA's.— Specimens  of  this  new  form  of  the  small,  pallid 
chipmunk  of  the  Great  Basin  have  just  been  received  from  Vernon 
Bailey,  chief  field  agent  of  the  Division,  and  his  assistants,  Basil  Hicks 
Dutcher  and  Olfirk  P.  Streator.  They  were  collected  on  the  Snake 
Kiver  Desert  in  Idaho,  between  Blackfoot  and  Big  Lost  River.  Mr. 
Bailey  writes  me  that  they  are  replaced  by  the  ordinary  form  (T.  mini- 
mtis  consobrinus)  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Blackfoot,  on  the  east  side 
of  Snake  River.  The  Snake  River  Desert  consists  of  sand  and  sage 
plains  alternating  with  lava  beds.  Without  knowing  the  exact  haunts 
of  the  animal  it  "  difiicult  to  say  whether  its  peculiar  freak  of  tail  col- 
oration i»  protective  (in  harmony  with  the  dark  tints  of  the  lava)  or  *//■ 
rectire  (in  sharp  contrast  with  the  light  (!olors  of  the  sandy  desert).  I 
incline  to  the  latter  view. 

The  new  form  is  here  treated  as  a  subspecies  instead  of  a  species,  be^ 
cause  specimens  from  Big  Lost  River  are  somewhat  intermediate,  hav- 
ing the  usual  submarginal  black  band  on  the  basal  third  of  the  tail, 
while  the  central  part  is  black  beyond.  (No.  23046  9 ,  collected  bj 
Clark  P.  Streator,  July  21,  1890,  is  of  this  character). 


(Xo.4. 


il  OKOUP. 

,il  white : 

, leuctirtiH. 

uruH  oinnamomeiis, 

hai'riiti, 

interprcK. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  A  NEW  EVOin^lVS  IHOM  COLORADO. 


HE    TAMIAS 


By  Dr.  (3.  Hart  Merriam. 


nov. 

f  Agriculture  col- 
t,  Idaho,  July  17, 
-.    (Original  nuni- 

«ncil,  21 ;  hiiid 

'inus  Alien,  btit 
■dered  on  each 
ondition  which 
the  normal  ar- 
ulvous)  median  | 

le  small,  pallid 
I  from  Vernou 
its,  Basil  Hicks 

ou  the  Snake 
St  River.    Mr. 

form  (jT.  milli- 
on the  east  side 
sand  and  sage 
le  exact  haunts 
eak  of  tail  col- 
the  lava)  or  ili- 
ndy  desert).    I 

»f  a  species,  be- 
?rmediate,  hav-  | 
ird  of  the  tail, 
? ,  collected  bj 


Up  to  tht^  present  time  no  member  of  thecircunipolar  p;enus  Evotomys 

has  been  recorded  from  the  Kocky  Alonntaiii  re{;ion  of  the  United  States, 

[so  far  as  I  am  aware.    It  is  with  {^reat  pleasure,  tlunrefore,  that  I  am 

jable  to  add  to  our  fauna  a  new  species  of  this  getus  from  the  mount- 

I  ains  of  Colorado. 

The  specimen  on  which  the  new  species  is  based  was  collected  near 
Gold  Hill,  Boulder  County,  Col.,  at  an  altitude  of  9,500  feet,  by  Mr. 
;  Denis  Gale,  who  very  g^^nerously  presented  it  to  me  along  with  an  inter- 
j  esting  collection  of  other  mammals  from  the  same  region. 
It  may  be  known  by  the  following  description : 

EVOTOMYS  GALE  I  si),  nov. 

Galk's  Kkd-hacked  Mouse. 

(Platen,  fig.  :$.) 

Type  ?,!j^5  9i<l.     Mcrriani  colloction.     From  Uonldcr  County  Colorado  (altitude 
9,500  feet),  .July  V,i,  1H8'J.     Collected  by  DenJH  Gale. 

Size  about  equal  to  that  of  IJ.  ijappcri,,  or  a  little  larger,  but  not  so 
[large  as  ii\  caroUncnsis.     Unfortunately  no  measurements  were  taken 
in  the  flesh.    The  hind  foot,  after  soaking  to  straighten  the  toes,  meas- 
ures 19.    The  tail  in  the  dry  skin  measures  about  4L*;  x)encil,  6.5.    The 
ears  are  considerably  larger  than  those  of  E.  fjapperi  and  the  antitragus 
[is  relatively  as  well  as  actually  much  larger. 

Color. — Above,  considerably  lighter  than  true  gapperi ;  dorsal  band 
{well  defined,  pale  hazel  (not  obscured  by  black-tipped  hairs),  extending 
from  midway  between  the  eyes  and  ears  nearly  to  the  tail;  rest  of  up- 
per parts  'Isabella-color,'  suffused  with  ochraccous-butt".  Below,  white 
Ithroughout,  without  trace  of  fulvous;  basal  half  of  fur  of  belly  plum- 
ibeous.  Tail  sharply  bicolor:  above,  'Isabella-brown,'  with  a  blackish 
(tip;  below,  soiled  white.    There  is  no  apparent  post-auricular  spot. 

Cranial  characters. — Compared  with    E.  f/apperi,  the  brain-case   is 
[broader,  flatter,  and  more  squarish  in  outline;  immediately  behind  the 

•23 


24 


NOUiJl    A.MHlilCAN    FAUNA. 


I  No.  4. 


orbit.s  it  .spreiuls  out  inoro  abrni^tly, and  the  postoibifal  procos.s  of'tlu' 
Hqiiaino.sal  i.s  iiiorr  proiiiiiH'iif,  so  tiiattlic  orhilal  and  l(>iii|ioral  t'oHnn' 
are  more  .sliarply  separated.  A  broad  doi>ivssioii  occupies  tiio  posterior 
part  of  the  fronhds.  Tlie  undital  bullae  are  larj>e  and  hlKli,  but  are  les.s 
inflated  laterally  tlian  in  (/(ipperi.  Tlie  zy{jo!nati(;  arclie.s  are  soiuewliaf 
expanded  upward  at  tlie  point  of  Junction  of  tlie  Jugal  with  the  /ygo- 
niatic  pro(!ess  of  tlie  ni axillary,  showinjj  a  tendi'iuty  toward  the  forma 
tion  of  the  vertical  lamella  seen  in  Phenacomi/s  and  the  lemminjjs. 

Dental  characters. — The  molar  series  are  considerably  larjrer  than  in 
skulls  o(  (/iipjHri  of  the  same  size,  but  are  not  so  larjje  as  in  Plienacomf/s. 
The  last  lower  molar  isslifjhtly  broader  jjosteriorly  than  anteriorly  (con- 
trary to  the  rule  in  ErnfonwjH)  and  is  broadest  in  the  middle.  It  con- 
sists of  three  transverse  looi)S,  all  of  which  are  closed.  The  re-enlraTit 
angles  of  the  inner  side  are  very  deep ;  those  on  the  outer  side  are  cor- 
respondingly shallow.  The  front  lower  molar  has  the  usual  number  of 
loops  and  triangles.  The  anterior  looj)  is  directed  straight  forward  and 
communicates  broadly  with  tiie  adjoining  triangles  on  each  side,  leaving 
one  external  and  two  internal  do.sed  (or  nearly  closed)  triangles  and  a 
posterior  loop.  The  upper  nudars  present  no  noteworthy  ]>eculiarities. 
All  of  the  molars  in  both  jaws  are  rooted,  each  having  two  long  and 
well-formed  roots,  resemblingthoseof  7'/;f'«r<('owj/«,  except  that  they  arc 
not  closed  at  the  bottom.  (See  fig.  3.)  They  may  be  considered  as 
intermediate  between  those  of  Ewiomys  ruiilm  and  Phcnacomys. 


a 


I'u;.  li.  -Miliar  liiili  ol  I'.n.tdiniis  galei  (a,  left  iii)])or  Hoiics;  h,  left  Iriwcv  soriea). 


I  No. 


l>rocORs  of  tlic 
'iiiponil  fuHtsii' 
■<  tlui  posterior 
li,  but  are  less 
nro  soiiHMvliiit 
vitli  the  y.ygo- 
ml  tlio  forniii 
Miiiiiin^s. 
liir^'or  tlinn  in 
II  I'lietutcomi/s. 
iitoriorly  (con  1 
<l4l1(>.  It  con-  I 
riic  reenlriitit  | 
r  side  are  coi- 
iial  number  ol 
it  forward  and 
h  side,  leaving; 
ianjrles  and  n  | 
^  l)ocnliarities. 
two  long  an<l 
t  that  tliey  are  | 
considered  as 
acomys. 


V  Mciii-a). 


DESCKIPTKINS  (IP  TWII  NKW  SI'KCIKS  or  KVOTd.MVS  I'lKlM  TilK  TACIFIC 
CUA.ST  RKGION  UF  THE  UMTKD  STATES. 


P.y  Dr.  (1.  ilART  Mkrriam. 


During  the  summer  of  18S9,  Mr.  Theodore  S.  Palmer  made  a  biologi- 
|cal  reconnaissance  of  tlie  Pacific  coast  region  from  ncnthern  California 
jto  Paget  Sound,  under  tiie  direction  of  tbe  Division  of  Ornitiiology  and 
Mammalogy  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture.  Among  the  interest- 
ing results  of  bis  explorations  was  tbe  capture  of  two  specties  of  the  cir- 
cumpolar  Arvicolino  genus  Enifouiys,  one  as  far  soutli  as  Humboldt 
jliay,  California.  Tbe  only  previous  record  of  tbe  genus  tVom  tbe  Pa- 
jcific  region  is  Coues'  mention  of  a  specimen  collected  by  Keunerly  at 
jChilowk  Lake,"Wa8bington,  and  referred  to  E.  gappcri*  Species  of  tbe 
[genus  bave  been  described  by  the  writer  from  tbe  Great  Snu)ky  Mount- 
[ains  in  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee,  and  from  tbe  Rocky  Mountains 
[in  Colorado.  It  remains  oidy  to  discover  a  form  in  tb«  Sierra  Nevada 
[in  order  to  comi)lete  the  illustration  of  the  typical  distribution  of  a  Bo- 
Ireal  genus,  exteniling  its  range  southward  along  all  tbe  great  mountain 
Isystems  of  tbe  continent  and  throughout  tbe  humid  Pacilic  coast  region 
|to  the  southernmost  limits  of  the  Boreal  zones. 

The  new  species  collected  by  Mr.  Palmer  may  be  know  from  tbe  fol- 
lowing descriptions : 

EVOTOMYS  OCCIDENTALIS  sp.  nov. 

WKSTRUX  KKI)  HACKEP  MdUSK. 

(Plalc  II,  (ij;-.  I.) 

Type  No.  J  J  Ji]  ^  ad.    T^.  S.  National  MiiacMiin  (IJcpiirtmont  of  Af^iicnUnrc  col- 
leotion).    From  Abenlooii,  Clniliali.s  Comity,  WaNliiiigton,  August  l(i,  lH8i).  Col- 
IcctiMl  by  Theodore  S.  Palmer.     (Original  iuiml)er,  :{0H.) 
MeasuremeniH  (taken  in  flesh).— Total  length,  145;  tail  vertelme,  45 ; 
)encil,  3;  bind  foot,  18;  ear  from  crown,  7.5  (in  dry  skin). 

Oenerat  characters.— S\ze  medium,  about  equaling  E.^apperi;  tail 
rather  long;  coloration  very  much  darker  than  in  any  other  known 
form. 


Mon.  N.  Am.  KocFeiitia,  1877,  144. 


26 


26 


NOHTII    AMKRICAN    FAUNA 


I  No.  4. 


(/W(».— U|)j»Oi'  pnrts  (liirk  soitia  Imowii,  with  ii  broad  dorsnl  iirou  ol 
hiinit  iiinbcr  not  sliiii  pl.v  th^tliiuil.  ITiitltT  piirtH  salmon  color,  tliu  dnsky 
basail  part  of  the  liir  .soinitinit's sliowiiifj  tlirouj^^li.  Tail  bluckinh  abovf, 
NJiKlitly  pal«r  below,  but  not  bi(M)lor.     Hind  feet  dusky. 

Cranial  and  dental  I'haracters.—Tho  akiUl  of  Erotomyit  occUlentalis  is 
gniall  and  narrow,  with  the  br.iin  vnm  liighly  arched.  The  enamel 
folds  of  the  molars  are  deep,  those  IVom  ojiposite  sides  piessing  strontrl.v 
against  one  another  as  shown  in  the  llgnro  (plate  ii,  tig.  1).  The 
front  lower  molar  has  live  projecting  angles  on  the  inner  side  and  four 
on  the  outer.  The  last  upper  molar  has  four  projecting  angles  on  the 
inner  side  and  three  on  the  outer,  with  sonietiioes  the  suggestion  of  a 
fourth. 

EVOTOMYS  CALIFOllNICUS  sp.  nov. 

tlALIl-'OUNIAN  liKD-nACKKl)  MOL'SR. 

(Plato  II,  lijr.  2.) 

Typt"  No.  i^lji,',  (?  11(1.  U.  H.  Nntionul  MnHoiiiii  (Dcimrtnient  of  Auricniltnre  col- 
lection). From  EnroUii,  lliiinboldt  County,  Ciilifornia,  .Iiino  a,  1881).  Col- 
lected by  Theotloro  S.  I'ttlmor.    (Original  number,  110.) 

Measurements  (taken  in  flesh). — Total  length,  101 ;  tail  vertebr.T, 
50;  pencil,  5;  hind  foot,  21  ;  ear  from  crown,  0  (apparently  defective 
at  tip;  measured  from  dry  skin). 

General  eharacters. — Compared  with  JJ.  oceidentalis,  the  present  form 
is  larger,  with  longer  tail  and  hind  feet  and  shorter  ears  (the  margins 
of  the  ears  appear  to  be  imperfect,  and  may  have  been  slightly  longer). 
The  tail  is  distinctly  bicolor,  .  jich  is  not  the  case  in  occidentalis ;  it  is 
dusky  above  and  whitish  below.  There  is  less  red  in  the  dorsal  area, 
and  the  black  hairs  ai*e  more  conspicuous.  The  ground  color  above  is 
lighter  and  has  a  grayish  tint,  especially  on  the  sides,  instead  of  being 
dark  sepia-brown.  The  belly  is  white  instead  of  salmon.  The  hind  feet 
are  much  liirhter. 

Cranial  and  dental  characters. — The  skull  is  larger,  broader,  and 
flatter  than  that  of  E.  occidentalis,  its  nearest  relative;  the frontals  arc 
depressed  and  concave  between  the  eyes,  and  also  broader  interorbitally; 
the  zygomatic  arches  stand  out  more  strongly  in  front,  and  the  pari- 
etals  are  very  much  broader  and  flatter.  The  dental  characters  are 
essentially  the  same  as  in  IJ,  occidentalis. 


PESnilPTION  (IF  A  NKW  MAKTKN  (MIISTKLA  CAURINA)  FROM  THE 
NORTHWEST  COAST  J(E(;iON  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Hy  Dr.  C.  Hart  Meiiriam. 


The  marten  inhabititiR'  tlio  denso  spruce  forests  of  the  heavy  rain-fall 
belt  along  the  northwest  coast  from  northern  California  to  Puget  Sound, 
and  tloubtless  ranginj,'  nnich  farther  north,  dift'ers  specifically  from  the 
eastern  M.  americnna  in  both  cranial  and  dental  characters,  and  many 
of  the  departures  from  the  latter  animal  are  in  the  direction  of  the  ohl 
world  M.  zibellina.    It  may  be  known  fron>  the  following  description: 


MU8TELA  CAURINA  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  iSJj'i  d  yg. ad.  Morriuiu  collection.  From  Chelialis  County,  Wash- 
ington (coast  near  Gray's  Harbor),  February  4,  1886.  Collected  by  L.  C. 
Toney. 

General  characters. — In  external  api)earance  Mustela  caurina  dift'ers 
[little  from  ^1/.  americana,  the  chief  ditterence  being  that  the  irregular 
markings  of  the  throat  and  under  surface  generally  are  orange-red  in- 
stead of  whitish  or  yellowish.  A  female  taken  at  the  same  place  and 
Ion  the  same  day  as  the  type  has  the  Hanks  and  even  the  upper  parts 
jsufl'uaed  with  the  same  color,  giving  the  animal  a  peculiarly  rich  and 
[beaatiful  appearance. 

A  young  female,  less  than  half  grown,  was  collected  by  Mr.  T.  S. 
iPalmer,  at  Crescent  City,  in  the  extreme  northwestern  corner  of  Cali- 
[fornia,  June  19, 1889  (No.  IJiUl-  U.  S.  National  Museum).  It  is  very 
I  woolly  and  the  color  is  a  uniform  light  seal  brown,  somewhat  paler  below, 
(and  interrupted  on  the  throat  by  a  yellowish  patch. 

Cranial  characters. — The  skull  of  Mustela  caurina  dift'ers  from  that  of  M. 
\americana  in  the  following  particulars :  The  rostral  portion  is  broader 
land  shorter ;  the  audital  bulla;  are  shorter  anu  less  inflated ;  the  frontals 
jare  broader  both  interorbitally  and  postorbitally ;  the  shelf  of  the  palate 
[is  less  produced  behind  the  plane  of  the  last  molar;  the  first  upper  pre- 
Imolar  is  smaller  and  more  crowded  ;  the  upper  molars  are  larger;  the 
(upper  sectorial,  in  addition  to  its  larger  size,  has  the  inner  lobe  very 
luch  larger  and  longer,  projecting  anteriorly  beyond  the  plane  of  the 
interior  lobe,  the  reverse  being  the  ca.se  in  M.  americana  ;  the  last  upper 

87 


28 


NORTH    AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


I  No.  4. 


inoliir  is  not  only  larger,  but  has  a  much  broader  saddle ;  the  transverse 
diiuiii'ter  of  the  tooth  is  about  oiu.'-tiiird  greater  tliau  in  .1/.  americana, 
and  the  anteroposterior  diameter  of  the  inner  lobe  is  both  relatively 
and  absolutely  much  greater;  the  distance  between  the  outer  alveoli 
of  the  upper  canines  equals  the  greatest  length  ofaudital  bulhe  instead 
of  being  much  less ;  the  transverse  diameter  of  last  uppermolar  is  greater 
instead  of  less  than  the  length  of  the  upper  sectorial ;  the  length  of 
the  first  lower  molar  is  less  instead  of  greater  than  the  anteroposterior 
diameter  of  the  last  upper  molar,  and  equals  instead  of  exceeding 
the  greatest  breadth  of  the  upper  sectorial.  The  under  jaw  is  in  every 
way  larger  and  heavier;  the  lower  canine  is  not  so  strongly  bent;  the 
first  lower  premolar  is  smaller;  the  last  lower  molar  is  approximately 
of  the  same  size;  the  lower  sectorial  is  larger  in  both  diameters;  the 
three  remaining  lower  teeth  (second  and  third  premolars  and  first  molar) 
are  uniformly  shorter,  thicker,  and  higher.  The  inner  cusp  of  the  lower 
sectorial  is  wanting  in  the  male  and  nearlj'  obsolete  in  the  female. 

The  above  cranial  and  dental  comparisons  have  been  made  with  speci- 
mens from  the  Adirondack  Mountains  in  northern  New  York,  and  in 
both  cases  with  skulls  of  corresponding  sex  and  almost  (sxactly  the  same 
size.  Tlu'.  resulting  absolute  measurements,  therefore,  as  well  as  the 
ratios,  are  available  for  direct  comparison.  Bo=:h  of  the  sLuUs  of  I,i. 
caurina  are  young  adults,  while  those  of  M.  americana  are  a  little  older 
though  by  no  means  old.  Ilence  the  breadth  of  the  frontals  postorbi- 
tally  in  M.  caurina  is  somewhat  greater  than  if  the  skulls  were  fully 
adult. 

MeuHuremvnts  of  skulls  of  Musiela  caurina  and  M.  americana. 


•rf  . 


Measureiueiits  of  HkuU. 


31.  cai-riiKi.       M.  iiiiK'i;'i'(ina, 
I        Clieliilis  AdiiDiiihicks, 

I  County.  VVnsli.       Xmv  Voi'k. 


2578  ^  '  2577$ 


Hasilar  Iciigtli  from  roiidylii  to  front  of  pii'niaxillaiv 

Hiisiliir  It'njith  of  Hi'mhcI  (frnni  infonor  lip  of  foniuien  nia^niini  to 

posterior  rim  of  hIvimiIum  of  niiddlo  incisor) 

(Ireatest  zygoiiiatic  In-cudtli 

ISrendtli  acions  |)ostoil)ital  processes _., 

Least  iiitcrorliital  breadth '.'.'.'.'.'..'.'.. 

Least postorliital  breadtli  .'.'.'..'..'... 

Distance  fioni  inferior  lip  of  foramen  iiiagiiMin  to  ]iostpaiatal'  notcli' 
I'alatal  lenfjtli  (from  postpalatal  notch  to  posterioi-  iiiii  of  alveolus 

olf  middle  incisor) 

Length  of  lateral  siTies  of  teetli  on  alveoli  (from  front  of  "eatiiVio 

to  l)a<'k  of  last  midar) 

Greatest  breadth  across  molars  (on  alveoli) '.""!!!!..!..! 

(Jreatest  breadth  across  canines  (on  ■ilvooH) ..'. 

(irt^atest  b'nKtli  of  iinilerjaw  (single  haif) ".'!.'..!..]! 

Jleight  ofcovonoid  |)idcess  from  angle ....'.'...'. 

Length  of  i)teiygoid  (ossa  (from  base  of  hamnlar  t(i  ileeiiVst  part  of 

postpalatal  notch) 

Length  of  slielf  of  palate  lahind  plane  of  alveolus' of  last"  "molars 

Greatest  length  ofaudital  bulla 

Least  breadth  of  mu/,/.le  behind  canine 

Measiiiriiientu  of  teeth. 

Upper  sectorial,  length  of  crown 

ITpjier  sectorial,  breadth  of  eiowu ...!i!ii. .!..!]  !!^i 

Last  upper  molar,  anturo-posteiior  diamet^'r  of  outer  loho 

Last  uppermolar,  autero-poeterior  diameter  of  inner  lobe 


78 


70.5 


70.7 

(iS.  5 

44.  5  > 

40.  K 

2-.'. ,-)  ! 

20 

17.7 

16.9 

l(i,4 

1«.  2 

XI.  2 

:io.  .i 

;i7.  (i 

111! 

'JK 

21.  !i 

!;() 

2;i 

1.^ 

i:i.  2 

52.0 

42.  r, 

21).  5 

21 

0.8 

10.4 

(i.2 

0.;) 

15 

irt.s 

17.  r. 

14 

S.  2 

7.;i 

5 

4.5 

4 

a.  7 

5.5  i 

4.5 

)27,/ 

.4»ao  9 

77.5 

70.  f. 

70. 5 

01.  L' 

•14.7 

an  J 

21 

18.  a 

17.  a 

15.  .'^i 

15.5 

14.  ■< 

a;t.  a 

31. 'J 

.■iO.  5 

33 

27.  5 

24.  .1 

24 

21 

13  8 

12.7 

:io.5 

45 

2:1 

IH.  ,'•. 

10.5 

10 

7.7 

fi.  I 

10.  5 

16.2 

15 

•    13.  a 

7  7 

7 

4.7 

.a.  7 

4 

a.  a 

4.7 

« 

I  No.  4. 

le  transvcrsi' 
I.  americana, 
til  relatively 
outer  alveoli 
juUie  instead 
»lar  is  greater 
Jie  length  of 
eroposterior 
of  exceeding 
w  is  in  every 
fly  bent ;  the 
p])roxiniately 
iinieters;  the 
id  first  molar) 
[)  of  the  lower 
s  female, 
de  with  spec!- 
York,  and  in 
ictly  the  same 
bs  well  as  the 
si.  alls  of  j'l. 
!  a  little  older 
itals  postorhi- 
Us  were  fnlly 

CdllJ. 


M.  ainfricaua, 
AdiroiiiiiickH, 
ill.  ,     Ninv  VToi'k. 

I 


I.  K 


1.5 


4927,;?' 

.4030  ? 

77.5 

70.  r> 

70. 5 

fl».:' 

•U.7 

:i9  -J 

til 

iH.;i 

17.  n 

15.  r. 

15.5 

14.5 

:i;!.3 

31.-' 

:!0.  5 

33 

•J4 
13  8 
."iO.  5 

2;i 

10.  5 
7.7 
10.  5 
16 


24.:. 
21 

12.7 
45 

18.  ,'•. 

10 
6.1 
10.  V 

13.  ;i 


Oa.,l?90]  DKSCKIPTION    OK    A    NEW    MAUTEN.  29 

Mcmincminls  oj  :  ..iillti  of  Miisttht  vdnriitd  and  M.  anivri(.i)ia—Vm\in]\u'A\. 


Measurements  of  skull. 


M.  caiiriiia,       Jf.  auiericana, 
(Jlichnlis  Adirondack^, 

County,  Wa.sli.       New  York, 


2578c/'  '  2577  9      ■«927fy  I  4930? 


Meaauremcnts  of  teeth— ConimncA. 

Last  uppor  molar,  nutoro-postoiiordiiinietcroCsaddlo. 

I.ii'^i  upper  molar,  (ircati'st  trausver.so  dianiotur 

I.iiwcr  .sci'toriiil  toolh,  };'''-'*t<'»t  leu.ijth  of  crown 

1,1  until  of  lir.sl  lower  molar .' 


h'ation  (if  cranial  and  dental  measurement* : 

ill  tins  to  basilar  leuetli  of  llciust-l : 

Zvsionialic.  broautli 

Piiiatul  Icngt h 

I.iiiutli  of  lateral  series  of  tooth 

Kieiidtli  acro.sa  molars 

I.i'ii^lli  of  upper  sectorial  tooth 

I.eii  L't  li  'if  lower  sectorial  tooth 

iiieaillli  of  postorbital  constriction 

Length  of  under, jaw ' 

latio  of  len<;th  of  inner  cu.sp  to  outer  cusp  of  ui.nft-  molar 

tiitio  of  length  of  inner  cusp  to  transv'erso  uiametcr  of  upper 
iiKilai'. 


tio  of  breadth  to  length  of  upper  sectorial 

;itio  of  aiitero-posterior  diameter  of  saddle  of  upper  molar  to  same  i 

(liaineler  of  inner  lobe 

.iliort  to  half  basilar  lenj^th  (from  condyle  to  froutofjiremaxiUiuy):  i 

Zvijomutic  breadth 

I'alatal  lenj^th  , 

l!i eiidth  of  anteorbital  constrictiou 

lireailtli  of  postorbital  constriction  

Leujith  of  lateral  series  of  teeth 

I'luadth  across  molars 

Isicadtli  of  last  upper  molar 

Length  of  upper  sectorial 

l.piiuth  of  lower  sectorial 

lien;;th  of  lirst  lower  molar 

I'ost-molar  production  of  shelf  of  palate 

I,cnj;lli  of  a.ulital  buUie 

Ilreadth  of  muzzle '. 


3.0 
8.5 

3 

V.  5 

.■1.7 
7.3 

3 
6.1 

10 

8.5 

8.7 

8 

5,1 

4.5 

1 

5.8 

5.4 

62.9 

1 
04.2 

63.4 

01 

53. 1 

51.9 

51.  !l 

51.4 

39.  C 

38.5 

39 

38,1 

3(1.  7 

3(i.  2 

34 

32.  V 

11,5 

11.4 

10.9 

10.9 

14.1 

13.3 

12.  '1 

12.4 

23.1 

25.  5 

21.9 

22.  5 

74.3 

Wi.9 

71.0 

70 

13.7 

12. 1 

11.7 

12.1 

04.7 

00 

04.  3 

59.7 

00.9 

1)1.0 

01 

52.8 

(i  J.  4 

CO.  6 

78.7 

75 

114. 1 

115.0 

11.-).  2 

111.2 

9(i.  4 

03.4 

94 

93.0 

4.^),  3 

47.8 

Jl.O 

43.8 

42 

45.  8 

40 

40 

71.7 

00. 5 

70.0 

09, 5 

til.ti 

05.  2 

01.9 

65.  (i 

21.7 

21.2 

18.8 

19 

21 

,      20.7 

19.8 

19.8 

2.'').  0 

24 

22.4 

22. 0 

I'i.  5 

12.  7 

14.9 

15.3 

1 .-..  8 

1       17.8 

10.8 

17.3 

38.4 

;      37. 7 

42.4 

45.8 

44.8 

1       39. 0 

38.4 

37,6 

1.7 


7.7 
4,7 
4 
4,7 


7 

3,7 
3.3 
4 


(ESCRIPT 


Molossu 

[>eeu  hert 

?he  subjt 

lars,  and  < 

Irii  Oalit'o 

lie  ledge 

)ecenibe 

le  of  the 

lack  and 

|ou.    All 

Mr.  Hei 

laliforuia 

pus  bat, 

nftly  by 

The  prt 

maybe 


Typo  Nc 
Cali 

Dental  , 

)lar  mil 

)lai,  on 

)lar.    F 

Is  bifid  i 

let  cusp 

[Muzzle 

jntofup 

Ithout  v< 

Jheye; 

Ears  vei 

iiizzle.    1 

ill  vex  or 

|adrate, 

Jtangult 


lESCRlPTION  OF   A  NEW  SPECIES  OF  MOLOSSUS  FROM  CALIFORNIA 

(M0L08SUS  CALlFORNICrS). 


By  Dr.  C.  Haut  Meiikiam. 


Molosstis  is  a  tropical  American  genus  of  bats,  no  species  of  wliicli  has 
|>eeu  heretofore  recorded  from  the  United  States,  so  far  as  I  am  aware. 
Dne  subject  of  the  present  description  is  a  huge  animal,  with  immense 
lars,  and  of  sooty-brown  color.  It  was  captured  at  Albainbra,  in  south- 
|rn  California,  by  Mr.  E.  C.  Thurber,  who  writes  me  that  it  was  found  on 
le  ledge  over  a  door.  Two  others  were  caught  during  the  same  month 
)ecember,  1889),  and  both  in  similar  situations.  3Ir.  Thurber  says  of 
le  of  them  :  "  It  was  hanging  from  the  ledge  of  a  window,  swinging 
ick  and  forth  and  knocking  against  the  window  as  if  to  attract  attcu- 
|on.    All  were  caught  about  8  or  9  o'clock  in  the  evening." 

Mr.  Henry  W.  Ileushaw  tells  me  that  when  encami)ed  in  southern 
lalifornia  several  years  ago,  he  saw  and  tried  in  v.iin  to  shoot,  an  enor- 
mous bat,  much  larger  than  any  he  had  previously  seen,  which  passed 
riftly  by  in  the  light  of  the  camp  lire. 

The  present  species  is  closely  related  to  ^[oIossus  perotis  ol'  IJrazil. 
maybe  known  from  the  following  description: 

MOLOSSUS  CALIFORNICUS  sp.  nov. 

TypoNo.  57:{6  $  .atl.     Mc-riaiii  collection.  From  Alhaiuhra,  Loh  Augoles  County, 
California,  December  14,  1889.    Collected  by  E.  C.  Thurber. 

\ Dental  formula. — Inc.,  l~^;  c,  Jl^;  pm.,  ^J^;  m., ?,  ;|=3().  First  upper 
)lar  minute,  and  wedged  in  angle  between  canine  and  sei!o?id  pre- 
)lar,  on  the  outer  side.  Second  premolar  large;  higher  than  first 
)lar.  First  lower  premolar  nearly  as  large  as  second.  Lower  incis- 
es bifid  and  crowded.  Lower  canines  with  ciiiguhun  forming  a  dis- 
ict  cusp  on  inner  side. 

[Muzzle  very  obliquely  truncated,  as  in  .1/.  peroth,  projecting  11"""  in 
jntof  upper  incisorsand deeply  notclied  between  nostrils.  Lips  smooth, 
[thout  vertical  ^vrinkles;  a  prominent  glandular  swelling  in  front  of 
3h  eye;  side  of  head  immediately  above  and  behind  eye  concave. 
5ars  very  large,  their  bases  united  in  front,  rqjectin'g  slightly  beyond 
mn/./.le.  Far  conch  broadly  convex  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  slightly 
OBiivex  »»i}  top,  keel  large  and  heavy,  llattenod  externally.  Tragus 
adrate,  higher  than  broad.  Antitragus  twice  as  long  as  high,  .<early 
jtangular,  iughest  a  little  behind  middle,  and  .separated  posteriorly 

:n 


32 


NOUTH    AMKUICAN    FAUNA. 


[No.  4. 


from  coii(!li  by  ii  «k'oj)  noU'.h.  Inside  of  ear  (touch  (facing:  outward) 
haired  in  tlie  form  of  a  liorseslioe,  the  hairs  beginning  on  the  superior 
margin  of  the  keel  about  opposite  angle  of  mouth  and  extending  ante- 
riorly the  full  length  of  the  keel,  thence  curving  upward  (leaving  u 
naked  crescentic  triangle  in  front)  and  reaching  the  upper  border  of  the 
couch  at  the  liighest  point  anteriorly  (on  plane  of  nostrils)  and  thence, 
curving  backward,  forming  a  narrow  fringe  along  the  margin  of  the 
highest  part  of  the  conch  and  extending  backward  to  a  point  opposite 
the  angle  of  the  moutli.  The  folds  of  the  ear  over  the  no^e  are  densely 
haired  on  both  surfaces,  the  hairs  projecting  forward  over  the  nostrils. 
The  anterior  margin  of  the  conch  is  reliexed  and  bare  in  Irout  from  the 
l)lane  of  the  kiel  to  tlie  antero-snperior  rounded  angle. 

Upper  suifaceof  wing  mend»rane  with  a  line  of  hair  along  the  poste- 
rior margin  of  distal  three-fourths  of  fore-arm,  expanding  in  the  apex  of 
angles  between  tiie  fore  arm  and  fifth  metacarpal,  and  fifth  and  fourth 
metacarpals,  but  not  invading  the  narrow  space  between  the  fourth  and 
third  metacarpals.  There  is  a  small,  scant-haired  strip  immediately  be- 
hind the  metacarpo-phalangeal  articulation  of  the  third  digit.  Ante- 
brachial membrane  naked  in  front  of  humerus,  but  haired  in  front  of 
forearm,  except  at  bottom  of  angle.  No  gular  sac  (may  be  present  in 
male).  Wings  from  junction  of  middle  and  distal  third  of  tibia.  Color 
sooty-brown,  palest  below,  bases  of  hairs  everywhere  pale  drab  gray. 

MeasuremcniH  of  tjiiw  .^j[)t(imen. 

Head  and  body 102 

Tail 60 


Free  part  of  tail 
Head 


13 
42 


Heif^bt  of  ear  (Iroiii  line  of  attaebnieut  above  eye) 24 

Length  of  ear  (antiTo-posterior) ;}t) 

Tragus,  beigbt  from  anterior  liaye 4 

Tragus,  breadtii  at  to\» 2. 5 

Length  of  aniitragal  lobe 11 

Hunierns 41 

Fore-arm 73 

Longest  finger l;{()    • 

Thumb 9 

letaearpal 72 

Istph 


Tliird  finger  '  . 


Fourth  finger  '   , ,    , 
"     1  "id  nh 


:$i 

^  2di.h 28.5 

^^  eartilaginouH  elaw 8 

(  nictaearpal 70 

!  1st  lib 2(5 


Fifth! 


I  (artilaginoiKselaw (i 

f  metaearpal ;58 

!  Iwt  ph 22 

hnger  ^  .,  i     i 

"      ]  2d  pb (5 

'  [  carl ilagi nous  elaw 5 

Tibia 22.5 

Hiud  foot  17 


DESCRIPTION  OF  A  NEW  PRAIUIK  DOG  FROM  WYOMING. 


By  Br.  C.  IIaut  Meuuiam. 


CYNOMYiS  LEUCUKUS  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  f^i'^  9  ail.     Moiriam  eollecf ion.     From  Fort  lJri(lt,'(;r,  Wyotniiig,  Sop. 
tL'UilH;r  1.'),  18CH.    Collected  by  Venioii  15iiilcy.    (Original  number,  224.) 

Measurements  (taken  in  tlesb).— Totiil  length,  3o5;  tail  vertebno,  53; 
peijcil,  21  (worn — much  longer  in  other  .speciiueus);  hind  foot,  58;  ear 
lioin  crown,  3  (in  dry  skin). 

General  characters.  -Similar  in  size  ami  general  apiiearance  to  C.  yun- 
kisoni,  of  IJaird,  but  readily  distinguished  from  the  latter  by  the  color 
of  the  tail  and  by  cranial  characters. 

Color  (of  type  which  has  nearly  completed  the  ciiange  from  summer 
to  fall  pelage). —  Upper  i)arts  from  nose  to  basal  half  of  tail  grizzled  gray- 
ish buff,  much  mixed  with  black  over  the  posterior  part  of  back  and 
rum[) ;  a  broad,  blackish  patch  over  each  eye,  and  a  larger  patch,  griz- 
zled with  buffy,  on  each  cheek  below  the  eye  ;  thighs  bulf,  not  mixed 
with  black  ;  under  parts  generally  soiled  buily  white,  deepest  at  base 
of  tail ;  throat  and  under  side  of  face  whitish.  Tail,  basal  half  con- 
color  with  u[)i)er  and  lower  surfaces  of  body  respectively ;  terminal  half 
v.hitish  all  round  without  trace  of  dark  bar.  Specimens  in  summer  pe- 
l.ige  are  uniformly  butly'or  grayish  yellow  above,  the  black  hairs  being 
scarce  and  not  noticeable,  except  on  close  examination.  One  specimen 
is  almost  brick  red  above,  which  may  be  due  to  staining  from  the  soil. 

Specimens  of  Gynomns  kucurus  in  summer  i)elage  average  lighter  in 
coloration  than  C.  (jKiniisoni,  and  in  fall  pelage  there  is  more  black  on 
the  back.  But  the  principal  and  most  coMs[)icuous  ditference  is  in  the 
coloratioii  of  the  tail,  which  in  <ii(iinisoin  is  concolor  with  the  body,  has 
a  submarginal  and  subteiininal  black  band,  the  ti[>s  of  the  hairs  only 
being  white;  while  in  Iciunirus  tiie  black  band  is  absent  and  the  termi- 
nal half  or  two-thirds  of  the  tail  is  wiiite.  Moreover,  the  tail  is  shorter 
in  leufurus  than  in  tjuiniimnL 

Professor  Baird  pointed  out  the  striking  (inference  in  tiie  tail  of  this 
species  as  compared  with  that  of  <juiuii.s(nii,  hut  having  only  two  speci- 
mens of  the  present  form  ami  one  of  <juiumoni  he  did  not  separate  them. 
5514 — No.  4 3  3:5 


84 


NOUTH    AMKKIC'AN   FAUNA. 


[t',o  i. 


mr 


.-A, 


Cranial  charaetcr.s.—Thii  skull  of  C.  leucitrits  agrees  in  tlio  main  with 
that  of  C.  guiniisoni  ius  coiitin.sti.l  witli  C.  ludovicianm,  luitilitt'era  from 
guHinmni  in  the  following  particiiliirs:  The  occiput  (viewed  from  behind) 
is  broader  and  flatter,  and  the  mastoids  are  larger,  Hatter,  and  moni 
comi)letely  in  the  occii)ital  plane ;  the  audital  bulhe  are  larger  and  the 
meatus  is  less  produced  laterally,  the  nasals  end  more  anteriorly  com- 
pared with  the  nasal  brau'-hes  of  the  premaxi Maries ;  the  greatest 
breadth  .cross  the  nasal  branches  of  the  premaxillaries  equals  or  ex- 
ceeds the  interorbital  breadth ;  the  sintero-inferior  angle  of  the  zygoma- 
tic arch  is  thickened  so  as  to  form  a  small  triangular  plate  (instead  of 
being  rounded  oft'  as  in  gunnisoni). 

The  cranial  ditterences  which  separate  Cynomys  Icuvurm  from  C.  Indo- 
ricianus  are  numerous  and  marked,  as  may  be  seen  by  consulting  the 
following  table,  iu  which  the  differential  characters  are  arranged  an- 
tithetically: 

Cynomys  lodoviciant's.  |  Cvnomys  lkucurus. 

Aitdital  bulhv. 

Moderate;    constricted    below     meatus;     Much   iiitluted;    uot    constricted    below 
meatus  small.  |         meatus;  meatus  largo. 

Greatest  breadth  across  audital  bulhv  equals  distance  from  anterior  Up  of  foramen  maij- 

nnm  to — 

Second  molar  (fourth  molariform  tooth),    j  First  molar  (third  molaritbrm  tooth). 

Basi-occipilal  (on  median  line). 

Longer  than  broad.  |  As  broad  as  long. 

Plane  of  oecijmt  (viewed  from  behind). 


Arched,  with  mastoid  portion  small  and 
anterior  to  plane  of  ox-occipitals. 


Depressed,  with  mastoid  portion  large 
and  on  same  piano  with  oxoccipi- 
tals. 


As  broad  as  long. 


Frontal  shield. 

I  Much  longer  thiui  broad. 
Interorbital  breadth. 


Almost  t(|ual  to  distance  from  postorbital     One-third  narrower  than  distance  from 


process  to  fronto-nuisillary  suture. 


postorbital    process    to    frontouiax- 
illary  suture. 


Napalx  ending  imsleriorhj. 

About  on  line  with  nasal  branch  of  pre-  :  Anterior  to  nasal  branch  of  proiuaxillarv. 
maxillary.  j  ' 


Nasal  branch  of  premaxillari;. 


Ending  about  on  line  with  fronto-max-  j  Ending  considerably  posterior  to  froi 
illury    suture.     Ayidcst    at    anterior  |  maxillary  suture.     Of  uniform  wi 

throughout. 


edge  Qi  zygoinajiic  process  of  maX'. 
illarv.        —       '  .  - 


iitii- 
idilil 


of  foramen  mag- 


rilbiiu  tuotb). 


Oci,l80u.)  DESCRIPTION   OF   A    NEW    PUAIUIE   DOG.  86 

CVNOMYS   LUDOVICIANIJS.  |  CYNOMYS  LKUCIIKUS. 

Grcaleat  breadth  aiross  itremaxillarien. 


Much  IcHH  than  iiiterorhitul  hroatUh. 


E(|iiiil   to  or  ^roiiter    tliiiii    iiitcrurbital 
breatlMi. 


Zjlijomativ  anh  with  itnkro-infcrior  (ingle. 

Shiirp,  rtiid   thickened  to  form  a  heavy     Hut  ulij^litly  thickened, 
tiiaugului'  plute. 

Coronoid  proriHH  of  matidihlv. 

Short,  thick,  and  only  slij^litly  recurved.      Lon<;er,  more  Hlender,  and  more  strongly 

recurved. 

Uinter  iHohtr  Hericf, 

Morn  than  twice  as  far  apart  anteriorly  1  Not  more  than  twice  as  far  apart  ante- 
aa  posterioily.  |         riorly  as  posteriorly. 

Last  lower  molar. 

Much  longer  than  broad,  with  posterior  [  About  as  broad  as  long,  with  posterior 
ousp  produced.  I         cusp  shortly  rounded  ofl". 


ih  of  premaxillary, 


r»* 


DEsruii 


In  1833 
species  of 
ibrnia  whi 
specimens 
tiiat  they 
of  Mexico 
in  southei 
northeast 
Tliis  nnce 
been  a  ms 
cies  in  qu 
wiiich  Bei 
tix  the  ty] 
tliu  main 
Texas.  I 
been  thus 
nicott,  fro 
(North  A 
spilosoma 
species  a 
acquisitic 
due  entir 
Ornitholc 
National 
collection 
years  ago 
Departmi 
.skins,  ac( 

The  ne 
the  follov 


DESCRIPTIONS   OP   TII1{RK    NKW   (IKOIINI)   SQUIHRELS   OF  THE 
SPEKMOPHIUS  SIMLOSO.MA  (IIIOIH'. 


By  Dr.  ().  IIaut  Merriam. 


In  1833  E.  T.  Bennett  *  published  descriptions  of  a  number  of  now 
species  of  mammals  said  to  have  been  obtained  in  "  that  part  of  Cali- 
fornia which  adjoins  to  Mexico."  The  exact  hxiality  from  which  these 
specimens  came  has  always  been  in  doubt.  It  has  been  long  known 
tiiat  they  did  not  come  from  any  i)art  of  California,  but  from  son)e  i)art 
of  Mexico.  Prof.  Baird  supposed  the  locality  to  have  been  somewhere 
in  southeastern  Sonora,  while  Bachman  believed  it  to  have  been, in 
northeastern  Sonora,  or  even  Chihuahua  east  of  tlic  Sierra  Madre. 
This  uncertainty  as  to  the  type  locality  of  so  mftny  species  has  always 
been  a  matter  of  ainioyance  to  those  who  have  had  to  do  with  the  sjjc- 
cies  in  question.  Among  these  species  is  a  small  spotted  spermophile 
which  Bennett  named  Spcnnophilns  spilosoma.  I  shall  not  attempt  to 
lix  the  type  of  this  species,  but  assume  for  the  present  that  it  agrees  in 
the  main  with  specimens  from  northern  IMexico  and  extreme  western 
Texas.  Regarding  it  as  a  central  type,  the  related  species  which  have 
been  thus  far  described  are  the  following:  Spermophilus  obsolctus  Ken- 
nicott,  from  western  Nebraska,  and  three  forms  described  by  the  writer 
(North  American  Fauna,  No.  3,  pp.  55-58),  namely,  IS.  cryptospi lotus,  S. 
spilosoma  pratensu,  and  S.  spUoHoma  ohsidimms.  To  these,  one  additional 
species  and  two  subspecies  are  here  added,  making  eight  in  all.  The 
acquisition  of  the  nmterial  on  which  all  of  the  six  new  forms  are  based  is 
due  entirely  to  the  biological  explorations  conducted  by  the  Divisioii  of 
Ornithology  and  Alammalogy  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture.  The 
National  Museum  contains,  outside  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
collection,  but  two  skins  of  the  spUosoina  group  (collected  nearly  forty 
years  ago  by  the  Mexican  Boundary  Survey),  and  five  of  ohsoletus.  Tlie 
Department  of  Agriculture  series  now  numbers  nearly  sixty  excellent 
skins,  accompanied  in  each  case  by  the  skull. 

The  new  forms  may  be  distinguished  i'rom  those  :M'eviously  known  by 
the  following  descriptions : 


•Proceedings  of  tlio  Zoolof^ic'il  Society  of  Londdii,  18:!:!,  10-11. 


.*i8 


■| 


NOKTll    AMKIIICAN    I'AUNA. 


HPKKMOIMlIIiCS  CANKSCENS  sp.  iiov. 


[No.  4. 


Typo  No.  i',;iil  ^  im.  U.  S,  NaticHiiil  Miihoiiim  (Ihipftitment  of  Ajjricultnro  col- 
lectio])).  From  Wilcox,  Cocliiso  (.'oriity,  Arizona,  Novombor  Ki,  ISH<).  Col- 
leclcil  by  Vernon  Hniley.     (Orij^'fuil  nnnib«)r,  r»7(i.) 

MeaHuremenU  (taken  in  Hcsli).— Total  length,  IfiO;  tall  vertebra',  515 ; 
pencil,  10 ;  lilinl  foot,  28 ;  ear  from  crown,  2(in  <lry  skin).  [Specimen  not 
full  grown.] 

General  c/mrac^cr«.— Similar  to  SpernwphlluH  HpiloHoma,  bnt  with 
ground  color  drab-gray,  without  any,tingoof  fulvous  or  rufous  and  with 
the  white  spots  tending  to  coalesce  laterally  into  irregular  wavy  trans- 
verse bars,  which  are  so  close  together  that  the  distance  between 
them  is  less  than  the  width  of  the  nnirkings.  Basal  third  of  tail  cylin- 
drical ;  distal  two  thirds  distichous. 

Color. — Upper  parts  drab-gray,  much  obscured  by  hoary ;  head  and 
face  hoary;  back  everywhere  covered  with  transversely  elongated  whit- 
ish markings,  which  are  much  crowded  and  tend  to  run  together  later- 
ally, forming  transverse  wavy  bars,  separated  by  narrower  dark  wavy 
lines  consisting  of  the  dark  tips  of  the  hairs.  Eyelids  and  under  parts 
white.  Tail  above,  grizzled  grayisU-drab,  mixed  with  blackish  on  the 
terminal  third,  and  bordered  with  butty  ;  tail  below, buft'y  with  asubmar- 
gin'al  blackish  band. 


m 


SPERMOPHILUS  SPILOSOMA  MACROSPILOTUS  aubsp.  nov. 

Type  No.  i;;/;-;!!  9  ad.  U.  S.  National  Miisonni  (Department  of  Agriculture  col- 
lection). From  Oracle,  Pinal  County,  Arizona,  .lune  11,  188l».  Collecled  by 
Vernon  Bailey.    (Original  number,  129.    TeatH,  f;.) 

Measurements  (taken  in  flesh).— Total  length,  220;  tail  vertebra',  74; 
pencil,  19;  hind  foot,  30;  ear  from  crown,  H  (in  dry  skin). 

General  characters. — Size  medium;  ground  color  above  russeth.azel ; 
dorsal  spots  large,  distinct,  and  far  apart. 

Color. — Ground  color  above,  russet-brown,  slightly  paler  over  the  nose ; 
top  of  head  and  neck  mixed  with  light-tipped  hairs;  dorsal  spots  very 
large,  distinct,  distant,  roundish  in  outline,  and  indistinctly  bordered 
posteriorly  with  dusky ;  under  parts  whitish.  Tail  above,  proximal 
half  coucolor  with  back ;  distal  half  mixed  butty  and  black  with  a  butty 
border.  Tail  below,  pale  ochraceous  butt'  with  a  partly  concealed  sub 
marginal  black  band. 

General  remarks.— Tha  above  description  applies  in  every  particular 
to  three  adult  specimens  from  Oracle.  The  young  ditt'er  in  being 
brighter  colored  and  in  having  the  dorsal  spots  smaller,  less  spaced, 
sind  not  so  round. 


(No.  4. 


Oct.,  18(10. 1 


tiii{i;k  ni:\v  sn;i:M.')i'iiiLKs. 


30 


Kriciiltiiro  col- 
«!,  ISHl).      Col- 

ertebru',  55 ; 
pecinien  not 

ff,  but  with 
JU8  and  with 

wiivy  trans 
ICC  between 

f  tail  cylin- 

y ;  bead  an«l 
ngated  wbit- 
gether  later- 
[•  dark  wavy 
under  pait8 
ckisli  on  the 
tb  asubmar- 


aubsp.  nov. 

Lgriculttire  col- 
.    Collected  by 


rertebrfjp,  74; 

ruascthazel ; 

>ver  the  nose; 
il  spots  very 
itly  bordered 
ve,  proximal 
with  a  butty 
)ncealed  sub 


SPKIIMOIMMLUH  HIMLOHOMA  MA.IOU  subsp.  nov. 

Typo  No.  },]\\\;  9  ml.  U.  S.  Xiitioiial  Mimciim  (ncjifii  timnf,  of  Afjiiciiltiire  coll»>(<. 
tioii).  Kriim  AUmqucniuo,  New  Mexico,  July  '^i,  \'*S'J.  ColU'cftMl  l>y  Vcnioii 
Baihiy.     (Original  iminlicr,  anifi.    'IVatH,  >;.) 

MeaHuremcniH  (titk€Mi  in  lleali).— Total  h'nfjth,  234;  tail  vertobiw,  80; 
pencil,  18;  hind  foot,  35;  car  from  crown,  3  (in  dry  skin). 

Oeueral  characters,— Tim  is  tlic  largest  nuMnber  of  the  group  thus  far 
discovered,  and  its  color  is  ditt'crent  from  any  of  the  others,  being  inter- 
mediate between  spilosoma  and  nbsoletun. 

Color. — Ground  color  above  broccoli  brown,  tinged  with  pale  fidvons 
over  the  nose.  Spots  indistinct  and  ill  defined,  bordered  posteriorly 
with  dusky;  moat  numerous  over  the  rump.  TTnder  parts  white.  Tail 
above,  proximal  half  pale  reddish-brown,  distal  half  butfy  brown  with 
a  Hubmarginal  black  band,  bordered  with  i)ale  butt';  tail  l)elow,  butiy 
with  a  partly  concealed  submarginal  black  band. 

General  rem  a  rl'n. — A  series  of  a  dozen  specimens  of  this  subspe(!ies, 
collected  at  Albiuiuercpie  in  July,  188!),  by  Mr.  IJailey,  shows  the  changes 
resulting  from  difference's  in  age  and  in  the  wear  of  the  pelage.  In  the 
young  the  upper  parts  are  pale  vinaceous cinnamon,  the  dorsal  spots 
are  much  more  distinct,  and  both  sides  of  the  tail  more  reddish-brown 
than  in  the  adults.  Adults  in  worn  pelage  have  the  tail  ])ule  cinnamon- 
rufous,  and>the  upper  parts  faintly  tinged  with  reddish-brown — exposed 
by  the  wearing  away  of  the  light  tips  of  the  hairs. 

In  color  and  markings,  kSpermophihis  spilosouia  major  is  intermediate 
l)etween  S.  spilosoma  and  S.  ohsotetns,  though  it  lacks  the  coal-black 
edgings  to  the  indistinct  spots  of  tlu^  latter,  and  is  larger  than  eith    •. 


ry  particular 

fer  in   being 

less  spaced. 


»              • 

DKSCUIPT 
Tl 

• 

In  Norl 

the  kiiiiKi 

ivoni  J)ipi 

the  exter 

those  lu'h 

to  name 

moHt  exti 

to  my  not 

I'aso,  Tej 

• 

without  r 

sary  to  di 

• 

that  a  na 

* 

the  same 

iiiero  indi 

;,'all  {Iiis.s 

trary  to  t 

hundred 

ation,  eit 

l)elled  to 

rats  for  t 

. 

iodofatig 

"■it  was 

the  presen 

illnstratioi 

i  I  am  a^ 

llie  Prescn 

Zool.  Soc. 

of  the  hall 

c  ording  to 

digit,  and 

old  feiiialo 

tiona  occui 

in  the  seve 

group. 

,  -_.:;■ 

DESCUIPTIOXS  OF  TIlUKI'l  NKW  KANOAUOI)  HATS.  WITH  IlKMAItKS  ON 
THK  IDENTITY  OE  DIl'ODOMVS  OliDIl  OF  WOODIIOIISK.* 


By  Dr.  (J.  IIaut  MerriaM. 


In  North  Amoricaii  Fjuina,  No.  .3,  I  proposed  tlio  Renus  Dipodnpn  for 
the  kangaroo  rats  liaviiig  flvo  toes  on  the  hind  feet,  as  dJNtingiiished 
Irom  Dipodomifs  proper,  which  lias  but  four  toes.t  In  several  instances 
the  external  resemblances  between  species  belonging  to  one  genus  and 
those  belonging  to  th*'  other  are  so  ex(!eedingly  close  that  it  is  unsafe 
to  name  museum  specimens  without  actually  counting  the  toes.  The 
most  extraordinary  and  perplexing  instance  of  this  kind  which  hasc<mui 
to  my  notice  is  tliat  of  two  species  inhabiting  the  same  localities  at  Kl 
Paso,  Tex.  They  are  so  much  alike  in  si/e,  color,  and  proportions,  that, 
without  reference  to  the  number  of  toes,  the  closest  scrutiny  is  neces- 
sary to  discriminate  between  them.  In  fact,  the  differences  are  so  slight 
that  a  n.aturalist  of  note  has  suggested  to  me  that  they  might  be  one  and 
the  same  species,  the  presence  or  absence  of  the  useless  digit  being  a 
mere  individual  variation,  as  is  known  to  be  the  case  in  the  kittiwake 
},'ull  {Rma  tridavtyla).  The  jiossibility  of  such  a  parallel  was  so  con 
trary  to  the  results  of  my  study  of  the  group  (having  examined  several 
hundred  specimens  without  finding  a  single  instance  of  individual  vari- 
ation, either  in  the  number  or  relative  si/.e  of  the  digits)  that  I  felt  im. 
l)elled  to  make  a  particularly  critical  study  of  flie  El  Paso  kangaroo 
rats  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  facts  in  the  case.  Owing  to  the 
indefatigable  zeal  of  the  chief  field  naturalist  of  the  Division,  Mr.  Vernon 


''It  was  my  intention  to  piiblisli  a  revision  of  tbo  Noitli  American  kangaroo  rats  in 
tlie  present  nnml)er  of  Fauna,  but  unforeseen  tlelajH,  i>iuLieularly  in  secnriiij;  proper 
illustrations,  have  prevented. 

i  I  am  aware  that  Dohson  has  pul)]islied  a  special  paper  "On  tlio  Unimportance  of 
the  rresence  or  Absence  of  (lie  Hallux  as  a  Gi'ueric  Character  in  Maminaloyy  ''  (I'roe, 
Zool.  Soc.  London,  1884,  402-40;i);  but  his  argument  was  based  wholly  upon  a  study 
of  the  hallux  in  the  insectivorous  hedgehogs  {Krinawux),  a  group  which  presents,  ac- 
cording to  his  own  statement,  all  intermediate  conditions  in  the  development  of  thi 
digit,  and  in  one  species  of  which  (7?.  alhivcntriH)  Dr.  Doljson  found  an  individual,  an 
old  female,  which  had  a  hallux  on  the  left  foot  but  not  on  the  right.  No  such  varia- 
tions occur  in  the  genna  Diimhpa  ;  in  fact,  the  constancy  in  the  length  of  tlie  hallux 
in  the  several  species  is  remarkable,  as  will  appear  in  my  forthcoming  paper  on  the 

group. 

41 


42 


NORTH    AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


rNo.4. 


Bailey,  a  series  of  sixteen  beaiitifiilly  prepared  specimens  was  available, 
including  both  sexes  am',  diiierent  ages  of  both  s'pecies,  accompanied 
by  tables  of  measurements  taktMi  in  tbe  flesh.  The  results  of  this 
study  may  be  briefly  stated :  The  two  forms  may  be  distinguished  with- 
out counting  the  toes,  by  external  differences  of  color  and  proportions, 
constant  though  slight,  and  by  numerous  cranial  characters.  (The  lat- 
ter fcre  pointed  out  under  the  head  of  Dipodomys  ambigims,  where  the 
cranial  characters  of  the  two  animals  are  contrasted  in  detail.)  There- 
fore, notwithstanding  the  close  external  resemblance  of  the  two  El  Paso 
kai)garoo  rats,  they  really  are  not  closely  related  at  all,  but  belong  to 
distinct  genera.  Mr.  Bailey,  who  collected  the  specimens,  writes  me  that 
he  had  no  diflficulty  in  distinguishing  them  in  the  flesh,  the>  Dipodoptt  be- 
ing stouter  and  heavier  than  the  Dipodomys,  and  having  a  thicker  and 
shorter  tail. 

Careful  comparison  of  Woodhcuso's  original  description  of  D.  ordii 
from  El  Paso,  Tex.,  w'^  li  the  present  excellent  series  of  both  forms 
from  the  same  locality,  has  convinced  me  that  D.  ordii  is  the  5-toed  ani- 
mal (a  Dipodops)  leaving  the  4-toed  (a  Dipodomys)  to  be  described.  The 
latter  is  here  named  Dipodomys  ambiguus,  and  Dipodops  ordii  is  rede- 
scribed  from  abundant  material  accompanied  by  trustworthy  measure- 
ments taken  in  the  flesh. 


DIPODOMYS  AMBIGUUS  sp.nov. 

TypcNo.  i'iliil  i  ad.  U.S.  Niitioiiiil  Muscuin  (Department  of  Agriculture  coliec- 
tion).  From  El  Paso,  Tsx.'»'*,  December  13, 1889.  Collected  by  Vernon  Bailey. 
(Original  number,  782.) 

Measurements  {iixXif^n  in  flesh). — Total  length,  233;  tail  vertebrie,  133; 
pencil,  32;  hind  foot,  37;  ear  froiii  crown,  7  ;  from  awterior  root-  12  (in 
uryskin). 

General  characters. — Hind  toes,  4:  size  rather  small  for  a  true  Dipo- 
domys. Terminal  third  of  tail  crested-pouicillate.  Closely  resembles 
Dipodops  ordii,  froui  tfie  same  locality,  but  is  more  slender  and  the  color 
of  its  upper  parts  is  butty-drab  instead  of  deep  ochraceous-bntt". 

CoZor.— Upper  parts  butty-drab,  brightest  on  the  sides,  where  it  is 
fiiintly  tinged  with  pale  ochraceous-buff,  and  everywhere  mixed  with 
black  tipped  hairs,  which  are  most  conspicuous  on  the  rump.  Upper 
tail-stripe  dusky  from  basal  ring  to  extreme  tip,  the  bases  of  the  hairs 
white;  lower  tail-stripe  dusky,  and  when  unworn  reaching  the  dusky 
tip,  leaving  a  white  stripe  on  each  side  which  ends  about  op])osite  the 
end  of  the  vertebra\ 

Cranial  c/mmcfers.— Compared  with  Dipodops  ordii  the  skull  of  />//>o- 
domys  amhigit us  is  hroAder  interorbitally ;  the  length  of  the  nasals  is 
about  equal  to  the  interorbital  brea«lth  at  plane  of  lachrymals ;  the  ex- 
panded orbital  bridge  of  the  maxillary  ends  postero-latcrally  in  a  small 
projecting  lobule,  with  a  concavity  in  front  of  it;  the  breadth  of  the 


[No.  4. 


Orr.,189n.| 


THREE   NEW   SPECIES   OP   DIPOIIOMYS. 


^M^ 


as  available, 
iccoin[>auie<l 
suits  of  this 
uished  witb- 
proportions, 
s.  (The  lat- 
«,  where  the 
,ail.)  There- 
two  El  Paso 
ut  beloug  to 
rites  me  that 
Diporfop*  be- 
,  thicker  and 

1  of  D.  ordii 
'.  both  forms 
leo-toed  aui- 
icribed.  The 
rdii  is  rede- 
hy  measure- 


icnlture  coliec- 
Voriiou  Bailey, 

irtebra.',  1-33; 
?  root.,  12  (in 

a  true  Dipo- 
ly  resembles 
ind  the  color 
3-bi'.ff. 

s,  where  it  is 

mixed  witli 

imp.     Upper 

of  the  hairs 

g  the  dusky 

opposite  the 

}kull  of  IHpo- 
,he  uasals  is 
nals;  theex- 
llyiii  a  small 
readth  of  the 


froutals  posteriorly  is  about  equal  to  the  distance  from  the  foramci^ 
magnum  to  the  incistve  foi'amina,  and  is  considerably  greater  tliaii  the 
distance  from  front  of  incisor  to  back  of  last  ivmliir ;  the  postero-supe- 
rior  angle  of  the  sqirimosal  is  sharply  angubr ;  the  height  of  cranium 
above  symphysis  of  aadital  bulla}  is  much  less  than  the  interorbital 
breadth  ac  plane  of  lachrymals;  the  angular  process  of  mandible  is  rel- 
atively short  and  blunt;  the  breadth  of  the  skull  across  the  inflated 
mastoids  equals  the  distance  from  the  anterior  lipof  the  foramen  magnum 
to  the  posterior  rim  of  alveolus  of  incisor ;  the  greatest  breadth  across 
the  zygomatic  processes  of  the  maxillaries  equals  the  distancvt  from 
occipital  condyle  to  front  of  in-jisive  foramina. 

Dipodomys  amhiguus  is  c'oseiy  related  to  D.  merriami,  recently  de- 
scribed by  Dr.  Mearns  *  bu:  differs  from  it  in  having  shorter  ears  and 
tail  and  longer  hind  feet.  Ttie  thigh  patch  is  very  mu(!li  smaller — hardly 
a  third  as  large  as  in  D.  merriami.  Unfortunately,  the  skull  of  the 
latter  has  been  lost,  so  that  no  cranial  comparisons  can  be  made.  The 
examination  of  specimens  from  intermediate  localities  may  result  in  re- 
ducing amhiguus  to  subspecific  rauk. 

CRANIAL  CHARACTKR8  OK  Dipodomya  ambiguun  contrasted  with  tmosk  of  IHpodopa 

ordii. 

DiPODors  onnn.  i  niroDoMTs  AMiuarrus. 

IineforhiUil  breadth  at  frontu-parietal  siiluir. 

* 

:=  Distance  from  front  of  incisor  to  bacii  Mucii  longer  than  distance  from  front  of 

of  last  molar.  incisor  to  back  of  last  molar. 

—  Distance  from   purietals  to  middle  of  Longer  than  distance  from  parietals  to 

nasals.  middle  of  n.asals. 

— *Di8t.ance  from  foramen  magnnm  to  front  Much  longer  than  distance  from  foramen 

of  molar  series.  magnnm  to  front  of  molar  series, 

Considerably  less  tlian  distance  from  for-  Abonf  eqnal   to  di^;tance  from  fora.neu 

amen  magnnm  to  incisive  foramina.  ,          magnnm  to  incisive  foramina. 

Less  than  distance  from  fronto-preniaxil-  i  Abont  eqnal  to  distance  from  fronto-prt- 

lary  sntnre  to  interparietal.  '■          maxillary  sntnre  to  interparietal. 

Breadth  of  orbital  liridije  of  maxillary. 


Mnch  less  than  width  of  rostrnm  across 
widest  part  of  premaxillaries. 


Hrcadth  of  rostrnm  across  wiilest  part 
((•'premaxillaries. 


Expanded  orbital  bridge  of  maxillary. 

Narrowly  ronnded  off   postero-laterally,  |  Ending  postero-laterally  in  a  projecting 
withont  trace  of  ptojecting  lobuh^       I  lobnle. 

I'ost-palatal  noteh, 

Rcadiing  plane  of  interspace  between  sec  j  Harely  re.-iching  plane  of  middle  of  lust 
ond  an<l  third  molars.  I  molar. 

•  Hnll.  Am.  Mas.  Nat.  Hist.,  N.  V.,  ii,  'ilUMJiU.     Se|.arat.s  issncd  Eebrnary  '21,  181)0. 


ItI'? 


44 

« 


NORTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA.  [No. 4. 

Dii'oi>oi's  oKPi  I  DironoMYS  AMitianus. 

Lvnijlh  of  iiumil  honvn. 


Much  greater  than  inter-orbital  bremltli  |  Equal  to  interorbital  breadth  at  plane  of 
at  plane  of  lacbrymals  lachrymals. 

Breadth  of  middle  portion  of  huHi-ompitul. 

About  half,  or  lijss  than  half,  its  length.     |  Considerably  more  than  half  its  length. 

Tjimputtie  mimnle  terminating  anteriorly. 

On  same  plane  with  intlated  mastoid,  the  ;  In  a  blunt  projection  below  the  inflated 
two  together  forming  a  nnifoimly  |  '  mastoid,  the  latter  being  concave  or 
rounded  mass.  t         oniarginate  immediately  above  it. 


Broadly  roundod. 


roHiero-snperior  angle  of  Hquamoaal. 
\  Sharply  angular. 
Greatest  verlieal  depth  of  inflated  mastoid, 
=  Longtii  of  nasals.  !  Less  than  length  of  nasals. 

Height  of  cranium  ahorr  si/mphysis  of  audital  bullae 
=  Interorbital  breadth.  i  Much  h'.as  than  interorbital  breadth. 

Condylar  process  of  mandible, 
Twice  as  long  as  broad.  \  Nearly  as  broad  as  long. 

Angular  process  of  mandible. 


Very  long  and  sharp  (distance  from  tip  to 
tip  nuich  grealvr  than  distance  from 
condyle  to  tip  of  incisors). 


Relative^  short  and  blnnt  (distance  from 
tip  to  tip  about  equal  to  or  slightly 
exceeding  distance  from  condyle  to 
tip  of  incisors). 


Greatest  breadth  of  cranium  across  inflated  mastoids. 


Exceeds  distance  from  anterior  lip  of 
foriinieii  magnum  to  alveolus  of  in- 
cisor. 


Equals  distance  from  anterior  lip  of  fora- 
men magnum  to  alveolus  of  incisor. 


Greatest  breadth  across  maxillarica. 

Equals  distance  from  occipital  condyle  to     Equals  distance  from  occipital  condyle  to 
posterior  border  of  incisive  foniminn.  anterior  border  of  incisive  foramina. 


(No.  4. 


lUUS. 


th  at  plane  of 


If  its  length. 


v  the  inflated 
iig  concave  or 
y  above  it. 


breadth. 


[distance  from 
to  or  slightly 
m  condyle  to 


ibr  lipof  fora- 
118  of  incisor. 


ital  condyle  to 
ive  foriiinina. 


OcT.lSUO.]  THREE   NEW   SPECIES   OP   DIPODOMYS.  45 

Meaaurementa  (taken  in  the  fltah)  o/ Dipodomya  ambiyuuafrtm  El  Paso,  I'lxaa. 


NationHl     Orig- 
MiiHi'uiii      inal 
Ko.  No. 


Locality. 


18143 
2504! 
1814S 
23043 
18147 
25045 
18139 
25037 
18146 
25044 
18148 
25046 
18140 
2i5047 
18144 
25042 
18140 
25038 
18136 
25034 
18138 
25036 
18137 
25035 


768  ElI'aso.Tcx. 
775  — do 

782  ....do  

783  do 

784  !    do 

795  ....do 

800  ....do 


Date. 


1889.   I 
Dec.  11  J 


'  Total  '  Tail 
bru.'. 


I 


nind 

foot. 


lioiiiaiks. 


Dec.  12  :  (f 

Dec.  13  (/ad. 

Dec.  13  J  ml 

i  Dec.  14  i  9  ill). 

Dec.  14  '  </ 

:  Dec.  15  ^ad. 


801  ....do  j  Dec.  15,  ? 

806  ...do Dec.  17  '  d 

I 

807  ....do... Dec.  17  d 

818  do i  Dec.  18^  $  iiii. 

808  I. ...do I  Dec.  17  ?  iiu. 


232 

LMO 

233 

2'I5 

240 

2.")0 

257 

218 

261 

251 

210  i 

250 


147 

in 

133 
145 
145 


38 
3'i 
37    Typo. 

;!8 

38 


l.')4    37 
153    30 


152 
151 
150 
111 


38. 5 

:io 

.38.  5 
39 


140    38 


DIPODOPS.  OKDII  Woodhoiise. 

Duplicate  type  No.  iUU  9  ad.  I'.  S.  National  Museum  ( Doi>iutmeut  of  Ayricnlt- 
ure  collection).  From  E I  Pa-so,  Texas,  December  11,  ItitfJ.  Collected  by  Vernon 
Bailey.    (Original  number,  7G9.) 

Measurements  (taken  in  tlesb).— Total  length,  240;  tail  vertebiii!,  134; 
pencil,  30;  hind  foot,  38.  Ear  from  crown,  7 ;  from  anterior  base,  12  (in 
dry  skin).    Length  of  hallux  from  heel,  20. 

General  characters. — Hind  toes,  5;  size,  medium ;  form,  stoutand  thick 
set,  with  a  thick  tail ;  tail,  crested-penicillate  on  terminal  third ;  general 
color,  deep  ochraceous-buff,  brightest  on  the  sides. 

Color. — Upper  parts  from  tip  of  nose  to  base  of  tail,  and  extending 
down  outer  side  of  leg  to  heel,  deep  ochraceousbuff  v..  "ing  to  ochra- 
ceous,  darkest  on  the  back  and  brightest  on  the  sides,  v.ut  conspicu- 
ously mixed  with  black-tipped  hairs  except  on  the  rump.  Upper  tail- 
stripe  dusky  from  basal  ring  to  extreme  til),  the  hairs  white>  at  base; 
under  tail  stripe  dusky,  sometimes  reaching  and  sometimes  failing 
short  of  the  dusky  tip.  Lateral  tail-stripes  white,  reaching  to  or  a  little 
beyond  end  of  vertebra'. 

Cranial  characters. — Compared  with  Dipodomya  amhigims  from  the 
same  locality  (El  Paso,  Tex.),  the  jL>kull  of  l)ii)odoj)s  ordii  is  narrower 


46 


NOKTII    AMKKIOAN    FAUNA. 


[No.  4. 


iuterorbitally ;  ♦lio  leugtU  of  the  nasals  is  coiisiaerably  greater  than  the 
interorbital  breadth  at  plane  of  lachrymals;  the  expanded  orbital 
bridge  of  the  maxillary  is  shortly  rounded  off  postero- laterally ;  the 
breadth  of  the  frontals  posteriorly  is  considerably  less  than  the  dis- 
tance from  the  foramen  magnum  to  the  incisive  foramina,  and  about 
equals  the  distance  from  front  of  incisor  to  back  of  last  molar  ;  the 
postero-superior  angle  of  squamosal  is  broadly  rounded;  the  height  of 
cranium  above  symphyses  of  audital  bulhe  equals  interorbital  breadth 
at  plane  of  lachrymals ;  the  angular  process  of  nuindible  is  relatively 
long  and  sharp.  The  cranial  characters  of  Dqmdops  ordii  have  been 
contrasted  with  those  of  Bipodomys  ambiguus  uiuler  the  head  of  the  lat- 
ter animal. 

Measurrmtnta  (taken  in  thcjlcah)  of  IHpodops  ordii,  from  El  Paso,  Texas. 


National     Orig- 

Muaeum      iiial 

No.  No. 


Locality. 


Date. 


18142 
25U40 
18135 
25033 
18141 
25(130 
18160 
25U48 
18134 
2503:i 


1889.     . 

76;t     El  Paso,  Tex Die.  10  '  d" 

I  I 

769    ...do I  Dec.  11  i  $ 

781     ...do Dfi;.  i:i  fad. 

802    do I>fo.  16  cfjtiv. 

764   ...do Doc.  10  rf 


231 
240 
240 
210 
231 


133 
i;i4 
138 
120 
131 


38 
38 
37 
38 
38 


i 


DIPODOMYS  SPECTABILIS  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  .];323S<^  '"'•  U.  H,  National  Mn.senm  (Dopartineut  of  Agriculture  col- 
li'ctiou).  From  Dos  Cabo/oM,  (^ocliiso  County,  Arizona,  November  22,  1889. 
Collected  by  Vernon  Bailey,    (Original  uuniber,  (iiT).) 

Measnremenffi  (taken  in  tiesh). — Total  length,  350 ;  tail  vertebra^,  211 ; 
pencil,  30;  hind  foot,  52.  Ear,  from  crown,  10 ;  from  anterior  base,  10 
(in  dry  skin). 

General  characters. — Largest  of  thegenos,  equaling  or  even  surpassing 
J),  deserti  in  size.  Tail  with  hairs  nearly  twice  as  long  as  head  and 
body  and  very  handsome,  having  a  long  terminal  brush  of  pure  white 
surmounting  a  broad  band  of  black ;  hairs  on  proximal  half  of  tail 
short  and  appressed ;  of  terminal  half,  long  and  free ;  at  the  same  time 
the  tail  is  not  distinctly  crested  above  as  in  several  other  species. 

Co/or.— Upper  parts,  from  nose  to  root  of  tail,  ochraceous-buff  mixed 
with  bliick  tipped  hairs,  brightest  and  purest  on  thii  sides,  palest  on 
the  cheeks,  and  mi.xed  with  clay-color  on  the  head.  Hip  patch  ochra- 
ceous,  becoming  dusky  as  it  passes  down  the  leg  and  dilating  l)ehind 
tU«  auHlo  80  m  tu  form  a  large  bluckish  spot  which  leachei?  the  Ue  ". 


[No.  4. 


Oct.,  18U().] 


TIIKKE   NEW   SPECIES   OF   DIPODOMYS. 


47 


or  than  the 
ilert  orbital 
erally;  the 
an  the  dis- 
,  and  about 
molar ;  the 
le  height  of 
tal  breadth 
s  relatively 
li  have  been 
d  of  the  lat- 

Texaa. 


Tail   I 

verte-  [ 
bra;.    . 

133 
134 
138 
120 
131 


Hind 
foot. 


38 
38 
37 
38 
38 


Agriculture  col- 
embcr  a2,  IS69. 

ertebrii',211; 
erior  base,  10 

Bii  surpassing 
as  head  and 
if  pure  white 
il  half  of  tail 
the  same  time 

species. 
US-buff  mixed 
les,  palest  on 

patch  ochra- 
lating  behind 
ihes  the  Ue  '. 


Supraorbital  white  spot  obscured.  Ui)per  and  lower  tail  stripes  dusky, 
meeting  a  little  behind  the  middle  and  forming  a  broad  black  subtermiual 
band  (occupying  about  one-third  the  total  length  of  the  tall),  beyond 
which  is  a  large  terminal  brush  of  pure  white.  The  white  side-stripes 
disappear  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  tail. 

Cranial  characters — Skull  large  and  heavy  for  a  IHpodonnjfi.  Inflated 
mastoids  separated  on  top  of  the  skull  by  about  3""",  so  that  there  is  a 
distinct  interparietal,  cuneate  in  shape.  In  D.  dcaerti,  the  only  species 
approaching  D.  spectabilis  in  size,  the  mastoids  meet  immediately  behind 
the  parietals,  having  at  most  an  inconspicuous  spicule  between  them.  The 
two  species  differ  further  in  the  maxillary  bridge  of  the  orbit,  which  is 
fully  a  third  broader  in  spectabilis  than  in  dcscrti,  and  in  the  inter-or- 
bital breadth  of  the  frontal,  which  is  much  greater  in  the  former.  1). 
deserti  has  the  flattest  skull  of  any  known  member  of  the  genus;  in  7). 
spectabilis  it  is  higher  and  the  mastoids  are  more  rounded.  In  D.  spec- 
tabilis the  antero-posterior  diameter  of  the  orbit  just  outside  of  the  lach- 
i/mal  is  equal  to  or  less  than  the  length  of  the  fronto-n^axillary  suture, 
while  in  deserti  it  is  much  greater.  In  D.  spectabilis  the  breadth  of 
cranium  across  inflated  mastoids  equals  the  distance  from  anterior  lip 
of  foramen  magnum  to  tips  of  upper  incisor.s  (falling  far  short  of  alveolus) 
while  in  deserti  the  mastoid  breadth  equals  distance  from  same  point  to 
front  of  alveolus  of  upper  incisor.  In  D.  spectabilis  the  greatest  breadth 
across  maxillaries  equals  distance  from  occipital  condyle  to  front  of  in- 
cisive foramina,  in  deserti  to  posterior  border  of  same  foramina.  In 
D.  spectabilis  the  condylar  process  of  the  mandible  is  broader  and  bent 
upward  at  a  stronger  angle  than  in  deserti,  and  the  transverselj'  elon- 
gated angular  process  is  very  much  longer. 

General  remarks. — This  elegant  species  presents  the  darkest  tail  and 
richest  coloration  known  in  the  genus,  while  its  nearest  relative  (7). 
deserti)  is  distinguished  from  all  others  by  the  pallor  of  its  colors.  In 
some  respects  JJ.  spectabilis  resembles  the  typeof  the  genus  ( />.  phillipsi)y 
hut  it  is  very  much  larger  and  requires  no  (iomparison  witli  that  specie.s. 
1).  spectabilis  inhabits  a  wide  range  of  <;onntry  in  the  lower  Sonoran 
faunal  province.  The  Department  of  Agriculture  series  consists  of 
thirty  beautifully  prepared  skins  and  skulls  (all  collected  by  Mr.  Bailey), 
from  the  following  localities :  Oracle,  Calabasas,  and  Dos  Cabezos,  Ariz.; 
Demingand  Albuquerque,  New  Mexico;  Sierra  Blanca, Tex.;  and  Mag- 
(lalena,  Sonora,  Mexico.  The  largest  specimens  are  from  Albuquerque 
and  may  merit  subspecific  separation. 

The  following  table  of  measurements  affords  an  index  to  the  variation 
in  size  in  the  several  localities. 


48 


NC  RTH   AMERICAN   FAUNA. 


Alcaaiirementa  {taken  in  fienh)  of  thirty  Hpecimvns  of  Dijtodomux 

locnliticH. 


fNo.4. 
siieclnbilis  from  varioun 


Nalluntill  Oris- 
Miixouiu      iiioi 

No.      i    No. 


Locnllty. 


Date. 


Sex. 


!  Total 
louKtli. 


fnSg   '  CU    :    ..   <lo Oct.       27       ? 


2373:;  1 

1C822  1 

23733  I 

16823 

23734 

1774.') 

2468U 

17746 

24flS7  I 

17747  I 

24688  i 

17748 

24680 

17749 

2409U 

17750 

24691 

177.51 

24692 

17752 

24693 

17753  ! 

24604  ' 

17754 

24095  1 

22052  i 

17886  I 
24823 

17887  ' 
2(824 
17888 
24823 
17Sf9 
24820 
17820 
24757 
17821 
24758 
17131 
21064 
17133 
24l<6li 
l"i:i2 
24065 
18010 
24930 
ISOft) 
24964 
18GC6 
24965 
18067 
24966 
18002 
2409U 
18091 
241)8J 
18003 
24991 


I  1.S80.     I 

139  ,  (hade,  Ariz -..J- mo  12  d' ad. 

140  ....(Id I  Jiinu  i2  /  iiii. 

!  i 

141  :....(li. Juno  12  9  ail. 

i  1 

605  I  Culabaaa.s,  Ariz :  Oct.  26  J  nd. 

006  '....do I  Oct.  26  V 

010  '.-..do Oct.  27  J' ad. 


012 
014 
615 
616 


■  --do Oct.     28     9 

I 
.-•do Oct.     29     /ad, 


-..do 


...do 


Oct. 

Oit. 


20     9 


«1'   '  -•  do Oct.     29.   ,rad. 


618    ....do  

010  |....do  ...   

605     Do.i  Uabtzos,  Ariz . 


702  ....do  

703  ....do  

704  ....'lo 

0;!0  Ma;;dali)iia,  Mexico... 

021    ....do  

226  AilMHiiicnuif,  N  Mcx. 

227  ....do  

231)   ...do 

753  j  Diiiiiiii^',  N.  Mc.\ 


751  ....do  

75.5   ...do 

756  do 

822  j  ,Siciiii  ni.iiKa,  'J'l'x. 

819   ..  ii.> 

8.-.1   ...do 


Oct.   20  j  9 

Oct.  29  d"  ad. 

Nov.  22  I  d"  ad. 

I 
Nov.  23  '  9  ini. 

Nov.  23  9 

I 
Nov.  23  '   <j) 

Nov.   2  '  9 

I 

Nov.  2  '  ,/  ad, 
■lid.V  23  ,c  ud. 
.1  ul.v  23  ,f  ad. 

.  duly  24  :  9 

I 
.  Due.  5   9  ad. 

I 

!  Hl'C.  6  ,{  Ml. 

Dec.  0  9  juv, 

.1  Dec.  C  /  juv. 

!  Dec.  21  'y 

'  Vi'v.  'J5  9 

I  Dec.  20   cf 

i        I 


353 

341 

33U 

325 

313 

325 

315 

325 

310 

330 

325 

333 

335 
320 
350 

331 

335 
350 
320 
320 
3.5S 
390 
3.")0 
3,50 
345 
220 
218 
3GS 
333 
204 


Tail 

Verio- 
brn!. 


Hind 

foot. 


IteniarkM. 


200 
202 
103 
187 
170 


52 
61 
47 
50 
40 


190     44 


184 

104 

200 

200 

195 

198 

204 
102 
211 

190 
194 
200 
183 
187 
220 
230 
215 
200 
203 
123 
120 
217 
106 
160  I 


48 

45.6 

S2 

50 

48 

48 

47 
48 
52 

51 

51 
54 
48 
48 
50 
57 
55 
52 
51 
48 
48 
55 


Tjpo. 


National 

MiiHcum  I 

No. 


10617 
L'3S43 
16618 

10610 
23545 
16620 
23546 


Oj 


(No.  4, 


lis  from  varioun 


'""•'     ltcnmrk«. 
luot. 


47  I 

48  i 

51 
51 
54 

48 

48 

50 

57 

55 
52 
.M 
48 
48 
55 


Type. 


OCT.,  1800]  TIIUKK    NKW   SPKCIKS   OF    DII'ODOMYS. 


DIPUDOMYS  CALIFOJtNICUS  sp.  nov. 


49 


TyiioNo.  iimj  ^  lul.  U.  S.  Natioiml  Mnwiiiu  (Diipiirttiioiit  of  AKriciiltiiio  col- 
lection). From  Ukiali,  Meiulocino  County,  Californiii,  May  4,  imJ.  Collected 
Ity  The«i(lor«  S.  Paliiuir.     (Ori^jjinal  iiuiiilicr,  m.) 

Mensuremcntu  (taken  in  Hesli).— Totiil  l(Migtli,;{01!;  tail  vortcbms  183; 
hindfoot,  43;  pencil,  10.  Ear,  from  crown,  9;  Ironi  anterior  base,  IG 
(In  dry  skin). 

General  vhnractcm.-S'vm  medium,  about  equaling  JKafiiHs;  ears 
largo ;  tail  long,  with  a  pure  white  pencil ;  tail  created  penicillate,  but 
crest  not  conspicuous;  color  darker  than  in  auy  other  known  species  of 
the  group. 

Color. — Upper  parts  from  nose  to  band  across  thigh  sepia-brown,  suf- 
fused with  pale  ochraceous-butf,  whicii  is  brightest  on  the  sides.  Thigh 
patches  large,  becoming  dusky  in  passing  tlown  the  legs,  and  forming 
a  black  spot  behind  and  on  the  sides  of  the  ankle.  Eyelids  black, 
supraorbital  white  spot  distinct;  black  mark  at  base  of  whiskers  large 
and  distinct.  Upper  and  lower  tail  stripes  black,  meeting  a  short  dis- 
tance in  front  of  terminal  pencil,  which  is  pure  white. 

Cranial  characters, — Top  of  skull  considerably  arched  (relatively) ; 
mastoids  about  3"""  apart ;  interparietal  not  twice  as  loisg  as  broad ; 
height  of  brain  case  above  symphysis  of  audital  bulhc  considerably 
greater  than  breadth  of  united  frontais  between  lachrymals^  lachrymals 
large ;  expanded  orbital  biidge  of  maxillary  broad  ;  interorbital  breadth 
at  posterior  border  of-frontals  equal  to  distance  from  inferior  lip  of  fora- 
men magnum  to  center  of  crown  of  pretnolp.r;  breadth  across  inflated 
mastoids  equal  to  distance  from  occipital  condyle  to  front  of  incisive 
foramina;  greatest  breadth  across  zygomatic  processes  of  maxillaries 
equal  to  distance  from  occjipital  notch  to  nasals;  angular  process  of 
mandible  long  and  pcintetl. 

AteunitiriiHiiln  (tiiLiii  hi  Jliih)  of  liiiioiloniiin  ealiforniciix. 


Niiliiiiiiil 

MiiHcum 

No. 

Oriti- 

iiial 

No. 

1C017 

•J354;i 

!)2 

16618 

ma 

4U 

1661!) 
23S45 

47 

16620 
23546 

:>i 

hovulHy,  Dnio. 

1      ISPO. 
Ukinh.  Ciil AprirJS  |     } 

...  (In Mmv     \ 

.  do Miiy     1 

do Mmv     7 


^-'  'Kill.'  ^••■"• 


bnc.    . 


Ililiil 
locil. 


Ivtimmks. 


i 

'.'87 

170 

11 

f 

:ki:'  ' 

i.«;i 

4:! 

T.viif, 

f 

205 

.     IH) 

4t 

■J 

ao,') ! 

1 

181 

4» 

5514— No.  4 4 


J,' 


■ 

' 

..  f^' 

■ 

■ 
■ 

•     . 

DESCRIPT 

Numer( 

of  wester 

sissippi  "\ 

full-grow 

form  will 

Typo  1» 

loc 

5i7, 

4 

Measnr 

liind  foot 

Color.- 

(luaky. 
beous  bii 

Crania 

same  size 

oped  ridg 

a  larger 

posterioi 


.r-^.-. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  A  NEW  I'OCKET  (iOPHEII  OK  THE  GENUS  OEOMYS, 

FROM  WESTERN  NEBRASKA. 


P>y  Dr.  C.  JlAiiT  Meuriam. 


Numerous  specimens  of  pocket  {gophers  received  from  the  sand  bills 
of  western  Nebraska  diller  from  typictal  Geomys  burnariufi  of  tbe  Mis- 
sissippi Valley  in  paler  coloration,  and  in  never  attaininjj  tiie  size  of 
fnll-grown  individuals  of  the  latter  species.  For  the  present  the  new 
form  will  be  treated  as  a  subspecies  as  follows  : 


GEOMYS  BURSARIUS  LUTESCENS  subsp.  nov. 

Typo  No.  ^Ull  9  ad.  U.  S.  National  Muhciiiii  (Department  of  Agriculture  col- 
lection). From  Sand  Hills,  Hinhvood  Croek,  Lincoln  County,  Nebraska,  May 
27, 1889.     Collected -by  A.  H.  Haker.  ^ 

Measurements  {taken  in  flesh).— Total  length  265;  tail  vertebrae  86 ; 
hind  foot  33.  . 

Color. — Upper  parts  uniform  buffy-clay  color  except  tbe  nose,  which  is 
dusky.  Under  parts  similar  to  the  upper,  but  paler,  and  with  the  plum- 
beous basal  fur  showing  through. 

Cranial  characters. — Comi)an!d  with  skulls  of  Geomys  hnrsarms  of  the 
same  size,  G.  Imrsarius  lutescens  is  heavier,  with  more  strongly  devel- 
oped ridges  and  processes.  The  i n Hatc<l  mastoids  are  larger,  occupying 
a  larger  part  of  the  occipital  plane  of  the  skull,  and  bulging  further 
posteriorly.    Tbe  audital  bullfe  also  are  somewhat  larger. 

51 


! 


M"«i  v'LS*«j«  4  'u 


V  r     M  o  r."  OT  ft 


i 


,<^/%.<V*.  ■ 


,<S.*»^^'-~''^*''"* 


*-„^v'S.'V''V' 


•tirf-VW*^^ 


DESCRIP' 


111  tho 
vision  o 
Florida  i 
luaKs  iiiid 
l)rought 
wliito-foc 
tropical  j 
Two  wer 
Hide  of  tl 
cut  the  8i 
scrub  wl 
The  new 


H; 


Type  I 

Gr 

Measu) 
liiud  fool 
skin). 

Genera 
to  heel, 
showing 
lonj?  and 

Color.- 
iiiixedwi 
dorsal  ar 
creamy-v 
color,  slii 

-Bull. 


DESCRIPTION  OP  A  M\\  SI'KCIKS  OF  IIKSPKIiOMYS 

FLORIDA. 


FROM  SOUTIIHRX 


By  Dr.  C.  Hart  Meruiam. 


hi  the  spring  of  1889,  Mr.  Morri.s  M.  (Ircen,  an  assistant  in  the  Di- 
vision of  Ornithology  and  Mammalogy,  was  sent  to  sontheastern 
Florida  for  the  purpose  of  studying  its  fauna  and  collecting  the  mam- 
mals and  birds  of  the  region.  Among  other  specimens  of  interest  he 
brought  back  a  dozen  skins  and  skulls  of  a  large  and  highly-colored 
white-footed  mouse,  which  has  not  been  described.  It  belongs  to  a  sub- 
tropical group,  and  is  closely  related  to  llesperomyfiporielanm  Chapman.* 
Two  were  captured  at  Canaveral  and  ten  at  Lake  Worth  (on  the  east 
side  of  the  lake).  Mr.  (Ireon  states  that  "  they  burrow  in  the  sand  and 
cat  the  seeds  of  scrubpalmettoes,  but  nre  most  common  in  parts  of  the 
scrub  where  there -are  few  scrubpalmettoes  and  many  scrub-oaks." 
The  new  species  may  be  known  from  the  following  description  : 


llESPEROMYS  MACROPUS  sp.  nov. 

(Pliito  in,  teeth.) 

Type  No.  ili^Jip,  ^  .'i<l.  U.  S.  Niitioii.-il  MiiHoiim  (De])artiiient  of  AKriciiltnre  col- 
lection). From  Liiko  Worth,  I'lorida,  May  5,  iHf^'J.  Collected  by  Morris  M. 
Green.     (Original  iminlicr,  72.) 

MeasuremeniH  {tiiki'n  \\\  llesli). — Total  lengtli  20.'?;  tail  vertebrae  90; 
liiud  foot  29;  pencil  2.  Kar  from  crown  17;  from  notch  21  (in  dry 
skin). 

General  characters. — Siz*'  l;irge ;  hind  feet  very  long.  Soles  naked 
to  heel.  Ears  large  and  broad ;  tail  of  mediuni  length,  nearly  naked, 
showing  the  annuli  distinctly;  a  distinct  pectoral  spot;  whisl^ers  very 
long  and  stiff. 

Color. — Upper  parts  bnffy-ochracoons,  briglitost  on  the  sides,  and 
mixed  with  black-tipped  hairs  along  thoback,  forminga  distinctly  darker 
dorsal  area.  Under  parts,  including  sides  of  nose  in  front  of  whiskers, 
creamy-white,  with  a  distinct  ochraceous  spot  on  the  breast.  Tail  con- 
color,  slightly  paler  below  than  above. 


"Bull.  Am.  Mas.  Nat.  HiHt.,  N.  Y.,  11,  :?,  117.    Sepiirates  iflsiied  Jnuo  7,  1H89. 

M 


54 


NORTH   AMEllICAN  FAUNA. 


fKo.4. 


Cranial  characters.— HkiiU  very  largo  ami  lonp;  (basilar  length  from 
occipital  condyle  to  front  of  prcmaxlllary  27.5;  greatest  length  .'iO.5; 
length  of  molar  Herios  of  teeth  4.2 ;  interorbital  breaiUh  4.«),  itn  mizc 
alone  being  Hutticient  to  (liHtinguish  it  from  any  other  npecies  inhabit 
ing  the  United  StatcH,  not  excepting  H.  cali/ornicUH.  The  brain  case 
iH  moderately  arched  above,  and  there  in  an  indintinct  nnpraorbital  bead, 
which  is  continned  posteriorly  as  a  slight  ridge  along  the  parieto-squa- 
uiosal  sutnre.  The  rostral  portion  of  the  skull  is  long ;  the  nasals  long^ 
narrow  posteriorly,  and  extending  backward  considerably  beyond  the 
nasal  branches  of  the  premaxillaries.  The  incisive  foramina  reach  the 
plane  of  the  first  molar;  the  palatal  notch  does  not  reach  plane  of  last 
molar ;  the  palatine  foramina  are  situated  opposite  the  second  molar  in- 
stead of  on  the  plane  of  the  interspace  between  the  first  and  second.  The 
zygomatic  arches  are  very  slender,  broadest  posteriorly,  and  dip  down 
to  the  plane  of  the  palate;  in  the  dry  skulls  they  curve  in  a  little  just 
in  frf  nt  of  the  widest  part.  The  interparietal  is  narrower  anteropos- 
terioily  than  In  11,  lexwopun  or  H.  goHsypinus. 

Qentral  remarks. — Hesperomys  maeropus  requires  comparison  with  bnt 
one  species.  If.  Jloridanus.  It  ditJers  from  Jtoridanus  in  color  and  in 
having  larger  ears  (21  instead  of  17.5  from  notch),  much  longer  hind 
feet  (29  instead  of  24),  and  larger  and  stiffer  whiskers.  No  cranial  com- 
parisons can  be  made  with  H.  floridanus,  because  the  skull  of  the  latter 
was  not  preserved. 

I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  J.  A.  Allen,  curator  of  mammals  and  birds  in  the 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  for  the  loan  of  the  type  speci- 
men of  Hesperomys  Jtoridanus  for  comparison  with  the  present  species. 


fNo.4. 


length  Iroiii 
Riigtli  30.5; 

[Ai),  itM    MIZC 

ies  inhabit 
brain  caH«> 
jrbitnl  bead, 
larieto-Hqua- 
nasalH  loiig^ 
beyond  the 
iia  reach  the 
[ihino  of  last 
nd  molar  in- 
second.  Tlie 
ud  dip  down 
a  little  just 
•  antero-pos- 

son  with  but 
color  and  in 
longer  hind 
cranial  coui- 
[  of  the  latter 

I  birds  in  the 
e  type  speci- 
sseut  species. 


INDKX. 


('alitbrninn  Tit'iMinokftl  Moiioc,  L'O. 

ColdbotiH  (HullUtUIIH),   IK. 

CoiM'iialiiH,  2. 
CyiioiiiyH  uiiiiniHoiii,  :in,  n4, 
iciK^iiruH,  :i.'i  ;is, 

Iii(l(ivi('.i;iiiii4,  94  X>. 

liiilovii'iiiiniH  i'oiii|i'<>'<'<l  wild  liMii'iiriiH, 

:i4  :ir). 

Dlpoiloin.VM  (j;uiiiiN),  41,43. 
ii);IIlH,  40. 

aiiiblKuiiH,  42-4r>,  40. 
culiloi'iiic.iiH,  40. 
•leHtTtl,  40,47. 
iiiviTinnii,  4.'l. 
)>Ii1I11iihI,47. 
Hjx'ctiiliiliH,  40-41'. 
Di|io(l(>|)M,  coiiiimrcil  with  Dipnilnni.VH,  41  4*2. 
oidii,  42,4.''>  4G. 

crinipHi'fd  witli  lii|iui1(iiii,YH  Biiibl- 
tiiiiiH,4U-44. 
Ki'inncoiiH  nIbiveiiti'lH,  41. 
Kvutoinya  (kuiiiih),  211, 24,  25. 
<'alit'orui<'.UH,  211.  . 
ciiroUnt^iiBlH,  T.i. 
t;alui,  23-24. 
eniiperi,  2»,24,25. 
occideiitalin, 'J.'i-2(1. 
nitiliiH,  24. 
Galo'H  Kfldliackfd  Uouse,  23-24. 
OcoiiiyH  liurmiriuH,  .ll. 

luttwoeiix,  01. 
Urniilid  Sqiiiind,  17-22. 
llespoioiuyH  californiriis,  .^4, 
floridaiiUH,  f)!!,  .M. 
(loaHyiiiiiUH,  .14. 

1bU('I)|MIH,  !>i. 

inat'iopiiH,  .W  54. 
Kangaroo  liat,  41-49. 
Mailtin,  27  29. 
MttpliitiH  (liuniiM),  2,4,  >,  U. 
bicolor,  5,  fl. 
intuiTiipta,  r>,  H,  0. 
(liiatt'iliiieariM,  r>,  6, 8. 
MolosHiiH  (jrUUIiH),  31. 

calil'oriiHMiH,  3!-:r2. 
piTutLs,  31. 
?.Voii8P,  Califoriiian  lli'd-liackt'd,  26. 
<}«!.■,'«  KwMmoU.'d,  23-24. 
Westeiu  Kfd  baclied,  2r>-26. 


MoiiMr.  Whito  rooted.  .'i3. 
MiihIkIu  Hliiorlcaiia  27,  2r<,  20. 
caiiriiia,  27  2'.). 
/.Ilxlliiiii,  27. 
I'lii'iioi'oinyH,  I'uiiipai'tMl  wllli  Kvnioniyii,  24. 
I'liokxt  (ioplit'i',  fil. 
Pinlrii-  !)(»«,  33  \\U. 
Skunk,  Mttlt'  .Sliiped,  1  l.V 
Spniiiiiipliiliii)  (KcniiH),  IH. 

MpilOHoiiia  uroiip,  37  30, 
4'aiu^Nri-im,  38. 
rrypttiBpllotiDi,  37. 
oliHoletiiH,  37.  39. 
HplluHOliia,  37,  38, 30. 

niaorosplldttiH,  38. 
iiia.ior,  3U, 
ubHidlHiiiiH,  37. 
prateiiNJH.  37. 
Kpiliiiialu  (k<*iiiih),  1-T. 

('(iiitruHtLMl  with  Mupbitid,  4-5. 
).;ia<'lliH,  2,  4,  6,  12,  13,  14. 
iiidiaiiidii,  U,  7,  8.  10. 
Inttiliiipta,  B,  7,  8-9,  10, 
It  ucopaiia,  3,  0,  7,  11-12. 
liicamiiia,  3,  0,  11. 
jdit'iiax,  0,  12,  13-14,  1.1. 
latlf'ioiiH,  0,  Ui. 
piitoriim.  3,  5,  0,  7  8,  U,  lU,  U,  12. 
liliKeiiH,  2,  7,  8,  9  10. 
HuxalilU.  0,  12,  13,  14. 
TaiiiiaH  (;!I'Iiiim),  IB. 

liai'i'iHi  Ki'o'M'i  21,  22. 
latnialiH  finxip,  17-2U. 
iiiiiiiiiiim  uroiip,  22. 
TainiuH  cuHtatiuniM,  18,  19,  20. 
cliryHddniniK,  18,  19-20. 
cincniscciis,  18,  2U. 
baiTiHl,  21,  22. 
intcrpinH,  21,  22. 
lalmaliH,  17,  18,  20. 
leiU'iiriiH,  21,  22. 

('iiiiiiiinonieiiH,  21,  22. 
iiiiiiiniiiH  coiiHubrlniiH,  22. 
iiiclauiii'iiH,  22. 
Viveiia  putoiiiiH,  5,7. 

/.on  ilia,  0. 
WcstiTii  Ked-backed  :Mouf*e,  25-20. 
Wbitu-tooted  Mouse,  53. 

66 


T;_H 
fit 


North  Am 


PLATK  I. 

(All  iiatnral  size.) 

]-;^.  Rpilognle. phenax.  (No,  iil!ll!)<?  i"!-    Nicasio,  California.     Tiji)e. 
4-(i.  SpihujaJe  leiicoparia  (No.  f «?,?)<?  "<!■    Mason,  Texas. 

(Fig.  (5  shows  the  inllated  inastoi*!  capsules  fioni  behiixl.) 

56 


North  American  Fauna,  No.  4. 


Plate  L 


1-3.  Si)il(i!i(ili'  )>hctin.v  sp.  nov. 


4-fi.  S.  teucopun'ii  sp.  nov. 


North  Ar 


PLATE  11. 

(All  inii<i;ni(ie(l  about  15  diameters.) 

1.  Evotomyn  occidentalis  (No.  -iH^\)S  iul.    Aberdeen,  Washiiigtou.     Type. 

a.  Upper  molar  series. 
h.  Lower  molar  series. 

2.  Evolomys  caUfornieus  (No.  =f?il^?)  ad.    Eureka,  California.     Type. 

a.  Upper  iiiolar  series. 
h.  Lower  molar  series. 

3.  Evolomya  aalei  (No.  f?>Si)9  '""l-    Gold  Hill,  Colorado.    Type. 

a.  Upper  molar  series. 
h.  Lower  molar  series. 

58 


1.   Ev^ 


North  American  Fauna,  No.  4. 


Plate 


1.   Evotomi/n  ocrMenf((lis  sp.  now  S.   E.  rulifoniirugsp.  uov.  H  E.  yiiU-i  sp.  tmv. 


Nrrth  America" 


rjiATK  in. 

(All  iniif^iiil'iod  alioiit  l'>  (liaiiuners.)  _ 

I  lli'speromyn  macropun  (N(K  \},^,k^)  ^  iu\,     Liiko  Wortli,  Floiidii.     Ti/pe. 

a.  Left  upper  molar  series. 

b.  Left  lower  molar  series. 

2.  //e«/)n-ojHi/8wia(roj)Ms(No.  fHsio);^-    LakoWoitli,  Florida.     (A  younger speciiiieu.) 

a.  Left  upper  molar  series. 

b.  1-ieft  lower  molar  series.  ■  , 

60 


Hcspc 


Nrrth  America"  Fauna,  No.  4. 


pe. 


igerspcciiiieu.; 


^LATE  III. 


//r.s7"''-',m//.s  marn>p„..  ^i>.  no,-.:  (j,-.  1.  type;  11;^.  o   .,  j, 


oiinKei-si}eeiinen. 


